To paraphrase Marx, sociologists have only interpreted science; the
point is to improve it. The Rational and the Social attempts both.
It begins by sketching recent sociological approaches to science,
notably the strong programme - Bloor's 'science of science' and
Barnes's 'finitism' - and that of the 'anthropologists in the lab',
Collins and Latour and Woolgar. The author argues that although
sociological accounts are valuable in many respects, when morals
are drawn about the structure and epistemology of science, they are
badly flawed. In rejecting the sociological theory of science, it
is not necessary to conclude that science develops without
reference to the social. James Robert Brown argues for an
alternative account. He proposes a novel way of viewing the history
of science as a source of evidence for how to do good science and
argues that the most important aspect of methodology is that it is
comparative. Rival theories are evaluated by comparison and the
contribution of the social to this process is inevitable and should
be acknowledged. This is the challenge to science.
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