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Sovereignty and the Sea - How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State (Paperback)
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Sovereignty and the Sea - How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State (Paperback)
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Until the mid-1950s nearly all the waters lying between the
far-flung islands of the Indonesian archipelago were as open to the
ships of all nations as the waters of the great oceans. In order to
enhance its failing sovereign grasp over the nation, as well as to
deter perceived external threats to Indonesia's national integrity,
in 1957 the Indonesian government declared that it had "absolute
sovereignty" over all the waters lying within straight baselines
drawn between the outermost islands of Indonesia. At a single step,
Indonesia had asserted its dominion over a vast swathe of what had
hitherto been seas open to all, and made its lands and the seas it
now claimed a single unified entity for the first time.
International outrage and alarm ensued, expressed especially by the
great maritime nations. Nevertheless, despite its low international
profile, its relative poverty, and its often frail state capacity,
Indonesia eventually succeeded in gaining international recognition
for its claim when, in 1982, the United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea formally recognized the existence of a new category
of states known as "archipelagic states" and declared that these
states had sovereignty over their "archipelagic waters".
Sovereignty and the Sea explains how Indonesia succeeded in its
extraordinary claim. At the heart of Indonesia's archipelagic
campaign was a small group of Indonesian diplomats. Largely because
of their dogged persistence, negotiating skills, and willingness to
make difficult compromises, Indonesia became the greatest
archipelagic state in the world.
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