The Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory was established in
1917 as the Nation's first civil aeronautics research laboratory
under the charter of the National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics (NACA). With a primary mission to identify and solve
the problems of flight, the highly productive laboratory utilized
an extensive array of wind tunnels, laboratory equipment, and
flight research aircraft to conceive and mature new aeronautical
concepts and provide databases and design methodology for critical
technical disciplines in aircraft design. Prior to World War II
(WWII), research at Langley on such diverse topics as airfoils,
aircraft structures, engine cowlings and cooling, gust alleviation,
and flying qualities was widely disseminated within the civil
aviation community, and well-known applications of the technology
to civil aircraft were commonplace. During WWII, however, the
facilities and personnel of Langley were necessarily focused on
support of the Nation's military efforts. Following WWII,
aeronautical research at Langley was stimulated by the challenges
of high speed flight and the associated problems that were
exhibited by high-speed aircraft configurations operating at
relatively low speeds, such as those used for takeoff and landing.
Much of Langley's research during that time would ultimately be
useful to both the civil and military aviation industries. With the
emergence of the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) in 1958, Langley retained its vital role in aeronautical
research and assumed a leading position as NASA Langley Research
Center, along with Ames Research Center, Lewis Research Center (now
Glenn Research Center), and Dryden Flight Research Center.
Langley's legacy of critical contributions to the civil aviation
industry includes a wide variety of activities ranging from
fundamental physics to applied engineering disciplines. Through the
mechanisms of NASA technical reports, technical symposia, meetings
with industry, and cooperative projects, the staff of Langley
Research Center has maintained an awareness of the unique problems
and challenges facing the U.S. civil aviation industry. With a
sensitivity toward these unique requirements, Langley researchers
have conceived and conducted extremely relevant research that has
been applied directly to civil aircraft. These applications have
resulted in increased mission performance, enhanced safety, and
improved competitiveness. This document is intended to be a
companion to NASA SP-2000-4519, "Partners in Freedom: Contributions
of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Military Aircraft of the
1990s." Material included in the combined set of volumes provides
informative and significant examples of the impact of Langley's
research on U.S. civil and military aircraft of the 1990s. As
worldwide advances in aeronautics and aviation continue at a
breathtaking pace, documenting the significant activities,
individuals, and events that have shaped the destinies of U.S.
civil and military aviation has become increasingly important. In
the research and development communities, many instances have
occurred where fundamental, groundbreaking efforts have been
forgotten or confused because of turnover of staffs, loss of
technical records, and lack of documentation. This volume, "Concept
to Reality: Contributions of the NASA Langley Research Center to
U.S. Civil Aircraft of the 1990s," highlights significant Langley
contributions to safety, cruise performance, takeoff and landing
capabilities, structural integrity, crashworthiness, flight deck
technologies, pilot-vehicle interfaces, flight characteristics,
stall and spin behavior, computational design methods, and other
challenging technical areas for civil aviation.
General
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