The cultural and material legacies of the Roman Republic and
Empire in evidence throughout Rome have made it the "Eternal City."
Too often, however, this patrimony has caused Rome to be seen as
static and antique, insulated from the transformations of the
modern world. In Excavating Modernity, Joshua Arthurs dramatically
revises this perception, arguing that as both place and idea, Rome
was strongly shaped by a radical vision of modernity imposed by
Mussolini's regime between the two world wars.
Italian Fascism s appropriation of the Roman past the idea of
Rome, or romanita encapsulated the Fascist virtues of discipline,
hierarchy, and order; the Fascist new man was modeled on the Roman
legionary, the epitome of the virile citizen-soldier. This vision
of modernity also transcended Italy s borders, with the Roman
Empire providing a foundation for Fascism s own vision of
Mediterranean domination and a European New Order. At the same
time, romanita also served as a vocabulary of anxiety about
modernity. Fears of population decline, racial degeneration and
revolution were mapped onto the barbarian invasions and the fall of
Rome. Offering a critical assessment of romanita and its effects,
Arthurs explores the ways in which academics, officials, and
ideologues approached Rome not as a site of distant glories but as
a blueprint for contemporary life, a source of dynamic values to
shape the present and future. "
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