Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan adopted many Western
practices and institutions, including a constitution in 1889. "The
Establishment of the Japanese Constitutional System" discusses how
the Constitution actually worked during its first decade.
After the Diet--or parliament--was established, the oligarchs who
had framed the Constitution found that the Diet intervened more
than they had intended. In an equally surprising turn, the popular
political parties who had initially opposed the expensive
nationalist and industrial expansionist plans of the government
eventually became supporters. The reasons for this drastic change
in basic attitudes present a fascinating series of questions which
Junji Banno addresses in this book.
To answer these questions, the author analyzes the constitutional
framework and the economic interests of the key supporters of the
popular parties--the agricultural landowners. The changing
interests of this group in the mid 1890s forced the popular party
leaders to modify their demand for "cheap government." Variations
in the prices of agricultural products greatly influenced the
attitudes of landowners towards government financial policies,
shifting their focus away from tax reduction and towards
industrialization as an attractive policy.
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