The overwhelming majority of Jews who laid the foundations of the
Israeli state during the first half of the twentieth century came
from the Polish lands and the Russian Empire. This is a fact widely
known, yet its implications for the history of Israel and the
Middle East and, reciprocally, for the history of what was once the
demographic heartland of the Jewish diaspora remain surprisingly
ill-understood. Through fine-grained analyses of people, texts,
movements, and worldviews in motion, the scholars assembled in From
Europe's East to the Middle East—hailing from Europe, Israel,
Japan, and the United States—rediscover a single transnational
Jewish history of surprising connections, ideological cacophony,
and entangled fates. Against the view of Israel as an outpost of
the West, whether as a beacon of democracy or a creation of
colonialism, this volume reveals how profoundly Zionism and Israel
were shaped by the assumptions of Polish nationalism, Russian
radicalism, and Soviet Communism; the unique ethos of the East
European intelligentsia; and the political legacies of civil and
national strife in the East European "shatter-zone." Against the
view that Zionism effected a complete break from the diaspora that
had birthed it, the book sheds new light on the East European
sources of phenomena as diverse as Zionist military culture,
kibbutz socialism, and ultra-Orthodox education for girls. Finally,
it reshapes our understanding of East European Jewish life, from
the Tsarist Empire, to independent Poland, to the late Soviet
Union. Looking past siloed histories of both Zionism and its
opponents in Eastern Europe, the authors reconstruct Zionism's
transnational character, charting unexpected continuities across
East European and Israeli Jewish life, and revealing how Jews in
Eastern Europe grew ever more entangled with the changing realities
of Jewish society in Palestine.
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