In the decade since President Clinton signed the Personal
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 into
law--amidst promises that it would "end welfare as we know
it"--have the reforms ending entitlements and moving toward time
limits and work requirements lifted Texas families once living on
welfare out of poverty, or merely stricken their names from the
administrative rolls?
Under welfare reform, Texas has continued with low monthly
payments and demanding eligibility criteria. Many families who
could receive welfare in other states do not qualify in Texas, and
virtually any part-time job makes a family ineligible. In Texas,
most families who leave welfare remain in or near poverty, and many
are likely to return to the welfare rolls in the future.
This compelling work, which follows 179 families after leaving
welfare, is set against a backdrop of multiple types of data and
econometric modeling. The authors' multi-method approach draws on
administrative data from nine programs serving low-income families
and a statewide survey of families who have left welfare. Survey
data on health problems, transportation needs, and child-care
issues shed light on the patterns of employment and welfare use
seen in the administrative data. In their lives after welfare, the
families chronicled here experience poverty even when employed; a
multiplicity of barriers to employment that work to exacerbate one
another; and a failing safety net of basic human services as they
attempt to sustain low-wage employment.
General
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