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Octopus - Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1978)
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Octopus - Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1978)
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between the organ systems of cephalopods and those of less
ambitious molluscs. Octopus does, as we would predict, live close
to the limits set by its own physiology. The circulation, to take
one example, is barely adequate for such an active animal, mainly
because of the absence of any system for pack aging the blood
pigment; haemocyanin in solution is a poor oxygen carrier.
Cephalopod blood can transport less than 5 millilitres of oxygen
per 100 ml of blood (compared with about 15 vol% in fish) and the
whole supercharged system of triple hearts, high blood pressure and
pulsating blood vessels succeeds only in returning blood that
retains less than 30% of its dissolved oxygen by the time it
reaches the gills. This at rest; the effect of exercise is
immediate and surprisingly long lasting even in octopuses as small
as 300 g, which must very swiftly run into oxygen debt when they
flee from predators or pursue their prey (Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.4).
Digestion, too would seem to be limiting. As with other molluscs,
digestion in Octopus is based on secretion absorption cycles by a
massive diverticulum of the gut, an adequate system in a less
hectic past, but scarcely appropriate in a predator that must be an
opportunist in the matter of feeding. Octopus feeds mainly at
night, and spends a great deal of every day sitting at home.
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