The support of subsea oil and gas production operations involves
the use of many underwater work systems. Divers can be used for
support tasks in water depths to 300 m, but at more extreme depths
operations become restrictively expensive and the efficiency of
task performance is reduced. Remote controlled unmanned vehicles
can replace the diver to a limited extent, performing inspection
and maintenance tasks and supporting drilling opera tions.
Operations in deepwaters performed by remote controlled vehicles
and one man submersible vehicles, such as JIM and WASP, are more
cost effective than the use of divers. The areas of operation of
the more complex multi-manned submersibles and bells are today
generally restricted to their use for diver lock-out operations,
manned intervention to subsea enclosures and the deployment of
other underwater work systems. Oil and gas exploration activity is
being undertaken in progres sively deeper waters. In the North Sea,
Shell have discovered a large gas accumulation off the Norwegian
coast in 323 m water depth and B. P. have made oil finds West of
the Shetlands in 500 m and West of Eire in 450 m. Exploration
drilling is today being carried out in many areas of the world in
water depths greater than 1000 m, i. e. Western Mediterranean,
Offshore Argentina, Offshore Western Australia and in the Niger
Basin, West Africa. The existing discoveries of Shell and B. P."
General
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