Anthony Benezet (1713-84), universally recognized by the leaders
of the eighteenth-century antislavery movement as its founder, was
born to a Huguenot family in Saint-Quentin, France. As a boy,
Benezet moved to Holland, England, and, in 1731, Philadelphia,
where he rose to prominence in the Quaker antislavery community.In
transforming Quaker antislavery sentiment into a broad-based
transatlantic movement, Benezet translated ideas from diverse
sources--Enlightenment philosophy, African travel narratives,
Quakerism, practical life, and the Bible--into concrete action. He
founded the African Free School in Philadelphia, and such future
abolitionist leaders as Absalom Jones and James Forten studied at
Benezet's school and spread his ideas to broad social groups. At
the same time, Benezet's correspondents, including Benjamin
Franklin, Benjamin Rush, Abbe Raynal, Granville Sharp, and John
Wesley, gave his ideas an audience in the highest intellectual and
political circles.In this wide-ranging intellectual biography,
Maurice Jackson demonstrates how Benezet mediated Enlightenment
political and social thought, narratives of African life written by
slave traders themselves, and the ideas and experiences of ordinary
people to create a new antislavery critique. Benezet's use of
travel narratives challenged proslavery arguments about an
undifferentiated, "primitive" African society. Benezet's empirical
evidence, laid on the intellectual scaffolding provided by the
writings of Hutcheson, Wallace, and Montesquieu, had a profound
influence, from the high-culture writings of the Marquis de
Condorcet to the opinions of ordinary citizens. When the great
antislavery spokesmen Jacques-Pierre Brissot in France and William
Wilberforce in England rose to demand abolition of the slave trade,
they read into the record of the French National Assembly and the
British Parliament extensive unattributed quotations from Benezet's
writings, a fitting tribute to the influence of his work.
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