"Defining Deviance" analyzes how reformers in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries perceived delinquent girls
and their often troubled lives. Drawing on exclusive access to
thousands of case files and other documents at the State Training
School in Geneva, Illinois, Michael A. Rembis uses Illinois as a
case study to show how implementation of involuntary commitment
laws in the United States reflected eugenic thinking about juvenile
delinquency. Much more than an institutional history, "Defining
Deviance" examines the cases of vulnerable young women to reveal
the centrality of sex, class, gender, and disability in the
formation of scientific and social reform. Rembis recounts the
contestations between largely working-class teenage girls and the
mostly female reformers and professionals who attempted to diagnose
and treat them based on changing ideas of eugenics, gender, and
impairment. He shows how generational roles and prevailing notions
of gender and sexuality influenced reformers to restrict, control,
and institutionalize undesirable "defectives" within society, and
he details the girls' attempts to influence methods of diagnosis,
discipline, and reform. In tracing the historical evolution of
ideologies of impairment and gender to show the central importance
of gender to the construction of disability, Rembis reveals the
larger national implications of the cases at the State Training
School. His study provides new insights into the treatment of young
women whom the dominant society perceived as threats to the sexual
and eugenic purity of modern America.
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