In 1950, nearly 300 of Europe's leading artists, philosophers and
writers formed an international society intended to end the Cold
War. The European Society of Culture was composed of many of
Western Europe's best-known intellectuals, including Theodor
Adorno, Julien Benda, Albert Camus, Benedetto Croce, Andre Gide, J.
B. Haldane, Karl Jaspers, Carl Jung, Thomas Mann, Henri Matisse,
Francois Mauriac, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, Giuseppe
Ungaretti and Albert Schweitzer, among many others; over the next
twenty years it would also include many luminaries from the East,
such as Bertolt Brecht, Ernst Bloch, Ilya Ehrenburg and Georg
Lukacs. Pioneering the earliest political discussions between
intellectuals in Eastern and Western Europe that would serve as a
model for the activities of the better-known CCF in its efforts to
end communism, the ESC went on to create an informal but powerful,
1,600 member-strong cultural and political network across the world
in pursuit of dialogue between the Marxist East and the liberal
West, and in pursuit of peace and shared cultural values. Here, in
this first, comprehensive history of the SEC's early years, Nancy
Jachec demonstrates the influence its members had not only on
preventing the isolation of Europe's eastern states, but on
enabling the flow of people, publications and ideas from the West
into the East, thus playing a vital role in introducing the ideals
of human rights and cultural rights in the East in the run-up to
the signing of the Helsinki Accords of 1975. She also shows the
profound impact that the SEC had on the development of
post-colonial theory through the exchanges it organised between
European and African intellectuals, directly shaping the
expectations statesmen like Leopold Sedar Senghor, revolutionaries
like Frantz Fanon, and institutions such as Unesco would have of
culture in newly emerging countries.
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