Human monitoring as a supplement to or replacement for
environmental monitoring of toxic substances in the workplace has
become an increasingly important issue within the last decade,
leading to Congressional hearings, governmental studies, and
scientific conferences around the world. Just as the purposes for
undertaking human monitoring are diverse and sometimes conflicting,
so too are the concerns-- medical, legal, and ethical-- such
testing has generated.
The authors begin by providing precise characterizations of the
types of monitoring now in use and a clear account of the legal
basis for OSHA monitoring requirements. They then turn to
scientific and technical concerns that have evolved around
monitoring, including the frequency and timing of examinations,
human variability, and the distinctions that exist between
high-risk and sensitive groups. Specific legal and ethical problems
of conducting monitoring tests on workers are then covered in full,
including the consequences for the worker of medical removal from
the workplace, the conflict between human monitoring and personal
privacy, access to medical records, and the use and possible misuse
of test results.
The volume concludes with policy recommendations for the use of
human monitoring, recommendations for the use of human monitoring,
recommendations that would achieve the goal of reducing
occupational disease and injury while remaining within the bounds
of a supportable ethical framework.
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