The purpose of this document is to provide the foundation for the
development of a guidance document on emergency communication
message content and dissemination strategies. The document answers
three major questions regarding emergency communication systems: 1)
What technology exists or is proposed for use in emergency
notification? 2) What approaches are currently being used to
disseminate messages? 3) How does the public respond to different
types of information and information sources? The document begins
with a discussion of the technology that exists or is proposed for
use in emergency notification, along with the positive and negative
aspects of each system. The ways in which social media tools can be
used to provide warnings in emergencies are included. Second, the
document discusses the various types of emergencies for which
warnings are needed, the range of protective actions that are taken
by building occupants in emergencies, and the nature of the
information required based upon the emergency type. The emergency
communication systems installed in two different college campuses
are described as examples of approaches used to disseminate
warnings during emergencies. Finally, a comprehensive literature
review is presented on how the public responds to various types of
information and information sources both in emergency and
non-emergency conditions. A summary list of the relevant findings
from each literature source is assembled in Appendix A to identify
the most effective ways to create or disseminate messages to
achieve optimal occupant response. Detailed annotations for each
source are presented in Appendix B.
General
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