This monograph examines the religious and mythological concepts of
Zeus from prehistoric times until the Early Archaic period. The
research was performed as an interdisciplinary study involving the
evidence of the Homeric poems, archaeology, linguistics, as well as
comparative Indo-European material. It is argued that Greek Zeus,
as a god with certainly established Indo-European origins, was
essentially a god of the open sky and the supposed progenitor of
everything, a supreme, but not ruling deity; initially, he must
have been distinct from the god of storms, who, for unknown
reasons, completely disappeared from Greek religion and mythology
by as early as the Late Bronze Age. From the time of Homer,
Zeus-Father appeared as a storm-god, the autocratic ruler of the
universe, and an offspring of elder deities, on the level of
mythology. Such a concept does not correspond to the traditional
Indo-European patterns and seems to have been formed under the
influence of Near-Eastern concepts of the supreme almighty god, on
the one hand, and the Cretan-Minoan concept of a young god/divine
child, on the other. However, the Homeric concept of Zeus was
adopted by his practising cults much later, only from the Late
Archaic period.
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