In September 2005, fifty-five chiefs of navies and coast guards,
along with twenty-seven war college presidents from around the
world gathered in Newport for the Seventeenth International
Seapower Symposium. We shared perspectives on a broad range of
issues important to the global maritime community and individual
countries through the mechanism of regionally oriented seminars. As
the symposium drew to a close, a consensus was articulated that
maritime security was fundamental to address these concerns, that
the scope of security challenges reached beyond the waters of
individual nations, and most importantly, that the responsibilities
in the maritime domain-the great "commons" of the world-were
shared. Moreover, the need was expressed for regional and global
mechanisms that allowed maritime nations to more routinely and
effectively bring their particular capabilities together to ensure
a free and secure maritime domain. The host of the ISS, Admiral
Mike Mullen, summarized the key proposition of the symposium:
"Because today's challenges are global in nature, we must be
collective in our response. We are bound together in our dependence
on the seas and in our need for security of the vast commons. This
is a requisite for national security, global stability, and
economic prosperity." Acknowledging that "the United States Navy
could not, by itself, preserve the freedom and security of the
entire maritime domain," Admiral Mullen said that "it must count on
assistance from like-minded nations interested in using the sea for
lawful purposes and precluding its use by others that threaten
national, regional, or global security." So too must each nation
count on assistance from other nations. Over the past two years the
Naval War College has found itself in a position of prominence in
helping the leadership of our maritime forces, and the leaderships
of our global partners, think through the implications of a new set
of global security challenges and opportunities. It has been a very
productive period since the College-against the fundamental notions
of the Seventeenth International Seapower Symposium-was tasked to
work on a new strategy "of and for its time." Critical to our
effort to rethink maritime strategy has been an extensive scenario
analysis and war-gaming effort and a series of high-level
conferences, symposia, and other professional exchanges with
maritime partners here in Newport and at other venues around the
world. This collaborative effort has produced great insight and
brought into focus the diverse perspectives necessary to make this
strategy robust across multiple arguments and useful for both naval
leadership and national policy makers in understanding the key role
maritime forces must play in the evolving international system. We
see some interesting new ideas in this strategy: the preeminent
value of maritime forces to underwrite stability for the global
system and an emphasis on unique capabilities inherent in maritime
forces to prevent global shocks and to limit and localize regional
conflict. While this enhances the long-standing naval commitment to
provide high-end capability, there are clear new demands related to
sustaining the global system-unique in the maritime domain. The new
maritime strategy also recognizes that capacity must rely
increasingly, across the range of military operations, on an
expanded set of more robust, global maritime relationships-in
effect, partnerships that engender trust, enable prevention, and
yield more effective maritime security. The present volume
contributes clearly and significantly to building just this sort of
maritime partnerships. In subsequent guidance to the Naval War
College, Admiral Mullen emphasized that any new strategy must be
one viewed through the eyes of our partners. The essays from the
Americas that follow are a compendium of "perspectives on maritime
strategy."
General
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