"Line in the Sand" details the dramatic transformation of the
western U.S.-Mexico border from its creation at the end of the
Mexican-American War in 1848 to the emergence of the modern
boundary line in the first decades of the twentieth century. In
this sweeping narrative, Rachel St. John explores how this boundary
changed from a mere line on a map to a clearly marked and heavily
regulated divide between the United States and Mexico. Focusing on
the desert border to the west of the Rio Grande, this book explains
the origins of the modern border and places the line at the center
of a transnational history of expanding capitalism and state power
in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Moving across local, regional, and national scales, St. John
shows how government officials, Native American raiders, ranchers,
railroad builders, miners, investors, immigrants, and smugglers
contributed to the rise of state power on the border and developed
strategies to navigate the increasingly regulated landscape. Over
the border's history, the U.S. and Mexican states gradually
developed an expanding array of official laws, ad hoc arrangements,
government agents, and physical barriers that did not close the
line, but made it a flexible barrier that restricted the movement
of some people, goods, and animals without impeding others. By the
1930s, their efforts had created the foundations of the modern
border control apparatus.
Drawing on extensive research in U.S. and Mexican archives,
"Line in the Sand" weaves together a transnational history of how
an undistinguished strip of land became the significant and
symbolic space of state power and national definition that we know
today.
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