In "Men, Mobs, and Law," Rebecca N. Hill compares two seemingly
unrelated types of leftist protest campaigns: those intended to
defend labor organizers from prosecution and those seeking to
memorialize lynching victims and stop the practice of lynching.
Arguing that these forms of protest are related and have
substantially influenced one another, Hill points out that both
worked to build alliances through appeals to public opinion in the
media, by defining the American state as a force of terror, and by
creating a heroic identity for their movements. Each has played a
major role in the history of radical politics in the United States.
Hill illuminates that history by considering the narratives
produced during the abolitionist John Brown's trials and execution,
analyzing the defense of the Chicago anarchists of the Haymarket
affair, and comparing Ida B. Wells's and the NAACP's anti-lynching
campaigns to the Industrial Workers of the World's
early-twentieth-century defense campaigns. She also considers
conflicts within the campaign to defend Sacco and Vanzetti,
chronicles the history of the Communist Party's International Labor
Defense, and explores the Black Panther Party's defense of George
Jackson.
As Hill explains, labor defense activists first drew on populist
logic, opposing the masses to the state in their campaigns, while
anti-lynching activists went in the opposite direction, castigating
"the mob" and appealing to the law. Showing that this difference
stems from the different positions of whites and Blacks in the
American legal system, Hill's comparison of anti-lynching
organizing and radical labor defenses reveals the conflicts and
intersections between antiracist struggle and socialism in the
United States.
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