While there may be no one single characteristic that differentiates
humans as a species, it is the combination of differences from
other species that makes us unique. The new edition of Being Human
examines the psychology of being human through exploring different
psychological traditions alongside philosophy and evolutionary
theory, covering themes such as culture, cognition, language,
morality, and society. Our nature - or 'essence' - is something
that has preoccupied human beings throughout our history, beginning
with philosophy and religion, and continuing through the
biological, social, and psychological sciences. Being Human begins
by describing some of the major philosophical accounts of human
nature, from Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and
Aristotle, to major British and Continental philosophers, such as
Locke and Nietzsche. The book considers religious accounts of human
nature, with their focus on the nature of good and evil, and
scientific accounts of genetics and the brain, which underpin the
distinctively human cognitive ability of language. Attention then
turns to the ideas of the behaviourists, such as Skinner, Freud,
and other psychodynamic psychologists, and
humanistic-phenomenological psychologists, such as Maslow. Finally,
human culture is discussed as the ultimate defining characteristic
of human beings: culture represents our 'natural habitat' and what
defines us as a species. This updated second edition includes
increased coverage of social psychology and has a broader scope, in
order to identify the defining characteristics of human beings.
With reference to current psychological research and philosophical
material, this is fascinating reading for students of psychology,
philosophy, and the social sciences.
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