This is the first work to draw on the four hundred years of
transition from ancient Greek philosophy to the medieval philosophy
of Islam and the West. During this period, philosophy was often
written in the form of commentaries on the works of Plato and
Aristotle. Many ideas wrongly credited to the Middle Ages derive
from these centuries, such as that of impetus in dynamics and
intentional objects in philosophy of mind. The later Neoplatonist
commentators fought a losing battle with Christianity, but
inadvertently made Aristotle acceptable to Christians by ascribing
to him belief in a Creator God and human immortality. The
commentators provide a panorama of up to a thousand years of Greek
philosophy, much of which would otherwise be lost. They also serve
as the missing link essential for understanding the subsequent
history of Western philosophy.
The second volume of The Philosophy of the Commentators, 200 600
AD, A Sourcebook, deals with physics. The physics of the
commentators was innovative: the Neoplatonists thought that the
world of space and time was causally ordered by a nonspatial,
nontemporal world, and this view required original thinking. Of the
sixth-century Neoplatonists, Simplicius considered his teacher's
ideas on space and time to be unprecedented, and Philoponus revised
Aristotelianism to produce a new physics built around the Christian
belief in God's Creation of the world. The thinkers of the Middle
Ages borrowed from Philoponus and other commentators the proofs of
a finite past, the idea of degrees of latitude in change and
mixture, and in dynamics the idea of impetus and the defense of
motion in a vacuum. All sources appear in English translation and
are carefully linked and cross-referenced by editorial comment and
explanation. Bibliographies are provided throughout."
General
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