This study is an attempt to examine the relationships between
religious belief and the humanism of the Enlightenment in the
philosophy of Hegel and of a group of thinkers who related to his
thought in various ways during the 1840's. It begins with a study
of the ways in which Hegel attempted to evolve a genuinely
Christian humanism by his demonstration that the modern
understanding of man as a free and rational subject derived its
strength and validity from the union of God and human existence in
the incarnation. The rest of this study is con cerned with two
different forms of opposition to Hegel: first, the criti cal
discipleship of the Young Hegelians and Moses Hess, who insisted
that Hegel's notion of Christian humanism was false because
religious belief was necessarily inimical to a clear consciousness
of social evil and the determination to abolish it; second, the
religious opposition to the Enlightenment in the thought of
Schelling and Kierkegaard, which emphasized God's transcendence to
human reason and the insig nificance of secular history. In the
years leading up to the revolution of 1848, Hegel's synthesis was
rejected in favour of the assertion of atheistic humanism or
religious otherworldliness. Chapter One, after discussing the young
Hegel's critique of the social and political effects of
Christianity, examines the union of religi ous belief, speculative
philosophy and the rational state in Hegel's mature system."
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