The primary purpose of "Metaphor and History" is to explain the
sources and contexts of the Western idea of social development.
Nisbet explores the concept of social change across the whole range
of Western culture, from ancient Greece to the present day. He does
not see the idea of social development as a nineteenth century
phenomenon or a by-product of the idea of biological evolution.
Instead, Nisbet finds the metaphor of organic growth and the
analogy of the life cycle--among the oldest in the history of human
thought--embedded in the pronouncements of sages, historians, and
social scientists from Heraclitus and Aristotle to Comte, Marx,
Spengler, Toynbee, Berdyaev, and Sorokin. He relates the classic
Greek metaphor of growth, applied to society; the Christian epic,
with its substance in the fusion of Hebrew and Greek ideas; and
ideas of progress, natural history, evolution, and sociological
functionalism.
This book may be considered the "biography of a metaphor" of
social development, one that has persisted through two and a half
millennia of Western European history. A sociologist's view of
history, this is a work at once of synthesis and of exploration of
the premises and foundations of social evolution and social
change.
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