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Books > History > World history > 1750 to 1900
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Illiterate Inmates - Educating Criminals in Nineteenth Century England (Hardcover)
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Illiterate Inmates - Educating Criminals in Nineteenth Century England (Hardcover)
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The nineteenth-century prison, we have been told, was a place of
'hard labour, hard board, and hard fare'. Yet it was also a place
of education. Schemes to teach prisoners to read and write, and
sometimes more besides, can be traced to the early 1800s.
State-funded elementary education for prisoners pre-dated universal
and compulsory education for children by fifty years. In the 1860s,
when the famous maxim, just cited, became the basis of national
penal policy, arithmetic was included by legislators alongside
reading and writing as a core skill to be taught in English
prisons. By c.1880 every prison in England used to accommodate
those convicted of criminal offences had a formal education
programme in which the 3Rs - reading, writing, and arithmetic -
were taught, to males and females, adults and children alike. Not
every programme, however, had prisoners enrolled in it. Illiterate
Inmates tells the story of the emergence, at the turn of the
nineteenth century, of a powerful idea - the provision of education
in prisons for those accused and convicted of crime - and its
execution over the century that followed. Using evidence from both
local and convict prisons, the study shows how education became
part of the modern penal regime. While the curriculum largely
reflected that of mainstream elementary schools, the delivery of
education, shaped by the penal environment, created an entirely
different educational experience. At the same time, philosophies of
imprisonment which prioritised punishment and deterrence over
reformation undermined any socially reconstructive ambitions. Thus
the period between 1800 and 1899 witnessed the rise and fall of the
prison school in England.
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