Reinstatement occurs when exposure to the unconditioned stimulus
alone (i.e., context conditioning), after extinction, causes a
recovery of responding to the conditioned stimulus. This model is
frequently used as a research model of relapse for the treatment of
drug abuse and anxiety disorders. Reinstatement of conditioned fear
has been shown to depend on the hippocampal formation. The
hippocampal formation has also been implicated in the acquisition
and expression of contextual freezing. Two experiments examined the
role of the hippocampus and two of its efferent targets, the bed
nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and nucleus accumbens, in two
protocols for creating contextual freezing, and the reinstatement
of conditioned fear in rats. The results of these experiments
suggest that hippocampal-BST neural circuitry is critically
involved in the reinstatement effect and the production of a state
that is more like anxiety than fear.
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