If trust is sometimes the rational response in interpersonal
relations, then it can also be rational to distrust. Indeed,
distrust is the preferred response when it protects against harm as
when parents do not entrust the safety of their child to a
disreputable caretaker. Liberal political theory was largely
founded on distrust of government, and the assumption that
government cannot and should not be trusted led the framers of the
U.S. constitution to establish a set of institutions explicitly
designed to limit government power. With contributions from
political science, anthropology, economics, psychology, and
philosophy, Distrust examines the complex workings of trust and
distrust in personal relationships, groups, and international
settings. Edna Ullman-Margalit succinctly defines distrust as the
negation of trust, and examines the neutral state between the two
responses in interpersonal relations. As Margalit points out,
people typically defer judgment while remaining mildly wary of
another s intentions until specific grounds for trust or distrust
become evident. In relations between nations, misplaced trust can
lead to grievous harm, so nations may be inclined to act as though
they distrust other nations more than they actually do. Editor
Russell Hardin observes that the United States and the former
Soviet Union secured a kind of institutionalized distrust through
the development of the nuclear deterrent system that stabilized the
relationship between the two countries for four decades. In another
realm where distrust plays a prominent role, Margaret Levi, Matthew
Moe, and Theresa Buckley show that since the National Labor
Relations Board has not been able to overcome distrust between
labor unions and employers, it strives to equalize the power held
by each group in negotiations. Recapitulating liberal concerns
about state power, Patrick Troy argues that citizen distrust keeps
government regulation under scrutiny and is more beneficial to the
public than unconditional trust."
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