Franz Brentano (1838-1917) is almost unique as a forefather of both
Analytic and Continental philosophy. His claim to fame is the
reintroduction of intentionality (the 'aboutness' of consciousness)
to the modern philosophy of mind. In the Analytic tradition this is
treated as (or as closely akin to) representation. In the
Continental tradition intentionality is the leitmotiv of
phenomenology. Brentano attracted a variety of students during his
lifetime, a group of influential philosophers, psychologists, and
others. Ryan Hickerson's book offers new interpretations of a
central philosophical concept employed in the Brentano School. He
argues against the now-standard misreading of Brentano (in both the
Analytic and Continental traditions) as Immanentist, i.e. someone
who believed that mental contents exist solely within the mind.
Hickerson does this by tracing Brentano's notion of a 'phenomenon'
back to its origins in the French positivism of August Comte. He
then displays Brentano's students as attempting to correct the
'problems' each found in Brentano's treatment of mental content,
including: (1) Twardowski's division of subjective contents from
worldly objects, his part in a sea change in representational
theories at the dawn of the 20th Century; (2) Meinong's ontology of
non-existent objects, the reaction to Brentano made infamous by
Russell; and (3) Husserl's 'breakthrough to phenomenology,' his
advancement of mental contents as ideal. The History of
Intentionality is a continuing history; this book will be very
valuable for present-day specialists and students in phenomenology
and the philosophy of mind.
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