As one of the world's largest and most bio-diverse countries,
India's approach to environmental policy will be very significant
in tackling global environmental challenges. This book explores the
transformations that have taken place in the making of
environmental policy in India since the economic liberalization of
the 1990s. It investigates if there has been a slow shift from
top-down planning to increasingly bottom up and participatory
policy processes, examining the successes and failures of recent
environmental policies. Linking deliberation to collective action,
this book contends that it is crucial to involve local actors in
framing the policies that decide on their rights and control over
bio-resources in order to achieve the goal of sustainable human
development. The first examples of large-scale participatory
processes in Indian environmental policy were the 1999 National
Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan and the 2006 Scheduled Tribes and
Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act. This book explores these
landmark policies, exploring the strategies of advocacy and
deliberation that led to both the successes and failures of recent
initiatives. It concludes that in order to deliberate with the
state, civil society actors must engage in forms of strategic
advocacy with the power to push agendas that challenge mainstream
development discourses. The lessons learnt from the Indian
experience will not only have immediate significance for the future
of policy making in India, but they will also be of interest for
other countries faced with the challenges of integrating livelihood
and sustainability concerns into the governance process.
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