This book examines the creation of 'national armies' through
compulsory military service in France and Prussia during the French
Revolution and the Prussian Reform Period.
The French Revolution tried to establish military and political
structures in which the armed forces and society would merge. In
order to ensure that the army would never become a means of
oppression against the people, the whole population should thus
'be' the army. Defeated by the enormous military potential that
these new political settings had unchained in France, Prussia
adapted the French innovations to its own needs, thus laying the
basis for its contributions to the victories of the coalition
troops in 1813-15.
Conscription had implications that went beyond the purely
military sphere and involved assumptions about the nature of the
state and its relationship to its citizens. It was the material
basis of Napoleon's campaigns and of the German 'wars of national
liberation' of 1813-15, before becoming a cornerstone of the
Prussian Reforms and the creation of a civil society 'from above'.
Military service has therefore been one of the most essential and
contradictory institutions of the modern nation-state.
Citizens, Soldiers and National Armies will be of interest to
historians of modern Europe, military historians and students of
intellectual history in general.
General
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