MAKERS of the MODERN MIND THOMAS P. NEILL, P H . D. ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR OF HISTORY ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY THE BRUCE PUBLISHING
COMPANY MILWAUKEE Copyright, 1949, Thomas P, Neill Made in the
United States of America Second Printing 1949 TO MY FATHER AND
MOTHER PREFACE BY THE GENERAL EDITOR THE subject of this book,
MAKERS OF THE MODERN MIND, cannot fail to exercise a strong
attraction upon numerous present-day readers. It is something novel
in the field, not written foi the specialist scholar, but for the
overwhelmingly larger number of intelligent men and women desirous
of correct information on the important matters dealt with here.
They are the men and women who, in particular, deserve more
attention than has so far been given them, and something more
substantial, the author believes, than the intellectual pabulum
hitherto handed them by most popularizers. It is to such readers,
therefore more numer ous than either the college professor or movie
producer will ad mitthat this book is directed. The scholar, in
turn, cannot afford to miss it. To weigh the importance of its
subject matter and gauge the interest attached to its pages it
suffices only to read the familiar names that serve as chapter
headings Luther, Calvin, Descartes, Locke, Newton, Rousseau, Kant,
Bentham, Darwin, Marx, and Freud. Attention is given to each in
turn, with all due discrimi nation between the good and evil, the
false and true, that may be found in the work and writings of these
men. Familiar, no doubt, to every reader are most of these eleven
names whose bearers have in general sought to influence the modern
mind. They are largely the names of men in whose de fense or
condemnation thousands are still ready torange them selves. Truly,
then, intelligent readers of every class must obvi ously be more
than moderately interested in the bearers of these names. Moreover,
the knowledge of how the modern mind has Vlll P B E F A C E been
affected and developed through them will enable us to comprehend
more readily how it works in this our day. Such, then, is the
moving panorama with which every intelli gent reader who follows
the course of world events will wish to be acquainted. The author
himself can be relied upon to remain undeviatingly fair in his
treatment of each individual, in his dis cussions and final
implications, giving due reasons for praise or blame, preserving
invariably his peace and balance of mind, and withal that saving
sense of humor which prevails throughout. JOSEPH HUSSLEIN, S. J.,
Pii. D. General Editor, Science and Culture Series Saint Louis
University January 20, 1948 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS GRATEFUL acknowledgment
is made to the following for their patience in reading the entire
manuscript Professors James Bel ton, James Collins, and Charles
Dougherty, of St. Louis Univer sity Professor Emerson Hynes, of St.
Johns University Miss Barbara Brennan and Mr. Arthur R. Kuhl. Their
wise criticisms and their helpful suggestions have saved the author
from many blunders, and they have made the following pages easier
on the reader. Other professional friends are also to be thanked
for reading individual chapters which they were particularly quali
fied to criticize. They have all been tolerant, kindly, and
helpful. Acknowledgment is also made for permission to quote from
the following books, permission generously granted by the pub
lishers, authors, or estates controlling the copyrights on theworks
listed George Allen and Unwin, Sigmund Freud, by Fritz Wittels, and
Totem and Taboo, by Sigmund Freud Apple ton-Century, Darwiniana, by
Thomas H. Huxley J. M. Dent and Sons, Puritanism and Liberty,
edited by A. S. P. Woodhouse E. P. Dutton, The Quintessence of
Capitalism, by Werner Som bart Harcourt, Brace and Company,
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, by R. H. Tawney Harvard
University Press, Freud, by Hanns Sachs Hodder and Stoughton, John
Calvin, by Hugh Y...
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