China is a vast nation comprised of hundreds of distinct ethnic
communities, each with its own language, history, and culture.
Today the government of China recognizes just 56 ethnic
nationalities, or "minzu, " as groups entitled to representation.
This controversial new book recounts the history of the most
sweeping attempt to sort and categorize the nation's enormous
population: the 1954 Ethnic Classification project ("minzu
shibie"). Thomas S. Mullaney draws on recently declassified
material and extensive oral histories to describe how the communist
government, in power less than a decade, launched this process in
ethnically diverse Yunnan. Mullaney shows how the government drew
on Republican-era scholarship for conceptual and methodological
inspiration as it developed a strategy for identifying "minzu" and
how non-Party-member Chinese ethnologists produced a "scientific"
survey that would become the basis for a policy on nationalities.
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