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From a Rational Point of View - How We Represent Subjective Perspectives in Practical Discourse (Hardcover)
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From a Rational Point of View - How We Represent Subjective Perspectives in Practical Discourse (Hardcover)
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When discussing normative reasons, oughts, requirements of
rationality, motivating reasons, and so on, we often have to use
verbs like "believe" and "want" to capture a relevant subject's
perspective. According to the received view about sentences
involving these verbs, what they do is describe the subject's
mental states. Many puzzles concerning normative discourse have to
do with the role that mental states consequently appear to play in
normative discourse. Tim Henning uses tools from semantics and the
philosophy of language to develop an alternative account of
sentences involving these verbs. According to this view, which is
called parentheticalism, we very commonly use these verbs in a
parenthetical sense. These verbs themselves express backgrounded
side-remarks on the contents they embed, and these latter, embedded
contents constitute the at-issue contents. This means that instead
of speaking about the subject's mental states, we often use
sentences involving "believe" and "want" to speak about the world
from her point of view. Henning makes this notion precise, and uses
it to solve various puzzles concerning normative discourse. The
final result is a new, unified understanding of normative
discourse, which gets by without postulating conceptual breaks
between objective and subjective normative reasons, or normative
reasons and rationality, or indeed between the reasons we ascribe
to an agent and the reasons she herself can be expected to cite.
Instead of being connected to either subjective mental states or
objective facts, all of these normative statuses are can be
adequately articulated by citing worldly considerations from a
subject's point of view.
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