The basis of this discipline must consist in accustoming your
negroes to an absolute submission to orders; for if you suffer them
to disobey in one instance, they will do so in another; and thus an
independence of spirit will be acquired, that will demand repeated
punishment to suppress it, and to re-establish your relaxed
authority. You should, therefore, lay it down as a rule, never to
suffer your commands to be disputed; and, at the same time, you
should take care to give none but what are reasonable and proper;
for negroes are penetrating enough into the foibles of their
masters. If you have any, you should conceal them with a good
opinion of your temper and judgment. -from I: "Plantation
Management" American historian ULRICH BONNELL PHILLIPS (1877-1934)
made a career of studying slavery and the economics of the American
South through the 19th century, and he was often criticized by his
successors for his emphasis on painting slave masters and
plantation owners in a positive light. But even Phillips'
detractors acknowledge the valuable work he did in bringing to
light the priceless original source material from which we can
better understand the period. In this two-volume work, first
published in 1909, Phillips creates a portrait of the economic life
of the South drawn from the details and minutiae found in legal
contracts, personal letters and diaries, newspaper articles and
editorials, advertisements, plantation records, court records,
warrants and affidavits, public notices, city ordinances, and other
hard-to-find documents. From the everyday realities of the usage of
slave labor to the working conditions of poor whites to the daily
routines and management of plantations, what emerges is a unique,
on-the-ground perspective of the slaveholding era. Excepts from the
table of contents of Volume I: "Records of a rice plantation"
"Management of scattered plantations; Georgia 1844-1849" "Diary of
work on a sea-island cotton plantation" "Upland cotton methods"
"Uncertainty of returns in tobacco" "Loses by disease and accidents
among the slaves" "Bad seasons and slave runaways" "An overseer's
testimonial" "The routine problems and policies of an efficient
overseer" "Classes and conditions of white servants" "Indented
labor useless on a disturbed frontier" "Convict transportation,
vicissitudes"
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