China has witnessed numerous incidents of social protests over the
past three decades. Protests create uncertainty for authoritarian
governments, and the Chinese government has created, strengthened,
and coordinated multiple dispute-resolution institutions to manage
social conflicts and protests. Accommodating the aggrieved prevents
the accumulation of grievances in society, but concessions require
resources. As the frequency and scale of collective action are
closely tied to the political opportunity for action, the Chinese
government has also contained protest by shaping the political
opportunity available to the aggrieved. Cai and Chen show that when
the Chinese central government prioritizes social control, as it
has under Xi Jinping's leadership, it signals that it will tolerate
local governments' use of coercion. The result is an environment
that is not conducive to the mobilization of collective action,
large-scale occurrences of which have been uncommon in China in
recent years.
General
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