In 1995 96 the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Alieyev, launched a
program of agrarian reforms that caused a sweeping and irreversible
shift from Soviet-style collective agriculture to individual
farming in his country. These reforms led to an impressive recovery
and substantial productivity improvements in agriculture. The
agrarian transition in Azerbaijan contrasts with that in Russia,
Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, where land privatization has been
accompanied by policies encouraging the persistence of large
corporate farms and where agricultural recovery has been much less
impressive. For this reason Azerbaijan is today viewed as one of
the few examples of successful land reform in the former Soviet
Union. The impact of the Aliyev agrarian reforms went far beyond
the recovery of agricultural production. The new policies had a
significant impact on rural poverty and they were instrumental in
increasing the incomes of Azerbaijan's large rural population,
which relies on agriculture for a substantial part of the family
budget. To understand the successes and limitations of land reform,
Rural Transition in Azerbaijan evaluates the record of rural
reforms, focusing on policy change, farm level performance, and the
impact of reforms on rural incomes and rural family
well-being-issues that today are at the core of the agenda in many
international organizations.
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