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Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost,
have always been the most important issues in design of integrated
circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as
well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy
consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited
amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common
examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends
on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been -
veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this
type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another
examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In
such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very
special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to
satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as
wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems
[1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to
consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can
survive for a very long time without the need for changingor
recharging battery[2-4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas
energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason
for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design
techniques for implementing low power circuits [7-9], as well as
dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main
approaches to control the system power consumption. Design
Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in
modern in- grated systems.
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