Features High-school level of mathematics is only pre-requisite. Variety of algebraic, route-drawing, and geometrical conundrums. Hints section in case the solver runs into difficulty. Warm-up exercises to sharpen the wits. Full solutions to every problem.

Features High-school level of mathematics is only pre-requisite. Variety of algebraic, route-drawing, and geometrical conundrums. Hints section in case the solver runs into difficulty. Warm-up exercises to sharpen the wits. Full solutions to every problem.

In 1861, James Clerk-Maxwell published Part II of his four-part series 'On physical lines of force'. In it, he attempted to construct a vortex model of the magnetic field but after much effort neither he, nor other late nineteenth century physicists who followed him, managed to produce a workable theory. What survived from these attempts were Maxwell's four equations of electrodynamics together with the Lorentz force law, formulae that made no attempt to describe an underlying reality but stood only as a mathematical description of the observed phenomena. When the quantum of action was introduced by Planck in 1900 the difficulties that had faced Maxwell's generation were still unresolved. Since then theories of increasing mathematical complexity have been constructed to attempt to bring the totality of phenomena into order with little success. This work examines the problems that had been abandoned long before quantum mechanics was formulated in 1925 and argues that these issues need to be revisited before real progress in the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field can be made.

With clear illustrations throughout and without recourse to quantum mechanics, the reader is invited to revisit unsolved problems lying at the foundations of theoretical physics. Maxwell and his contemporaries abandoned their search for a geometrical representation of the electric and magnetic fields. The wave-particle dilemma and Bose-Einstein statistical counting have resulted in unsatisfactory non-realistic interpretations. Furthermore, a simple structure of the hydrogen atom that includes hyperfine levels is still wanting. Working with the latest experimental data in photoionics a proposed solution to the wave-particle dilemma is suggested based on an array of circular-polarized rays. The Bose-Einstein counting procedure is recast in terms of distinguishable elements. Finally, a vortex model of a 'particle' is developed based on a trapped photon. This consists of a single ray revolving around a toroidal surface, and allows a geometrical definition of mass, electric potential, and magnetic momentum. With the adjustment of two parameters, values to 4 dp for the hyperfine frequencies (MHz) of hydrogen can be obtained for which a computer program is available.

Francis Bacon's Contribution to Shakespeare advocates a paradigm shift away from a single-author theory of the Shakespeare work towards a many-hands theory. Here, the middle ground is adopted between competing so-called Stratfordian and alternative single-author conspiracy theories. In the process, arguments are advanced as to why Shakespeare's First Folio (1623) presents as an unreliable document for attribution, and why contemporary opinion characterised Shakspere [his baptised name] as an opportunist businessman who acquired the work of others. Current methods of authorship attribution are critiqued, and an entirely new Rare Collocation Profiling (RCP) method is introduced which, unlike current stylometric methods, is capable of detecting multiple contributors to a text. Using the Early English Books Online database, rare phrases and collocations in a target text are identified together with the authors who used them. This allows a DNA-type profile to be constructed for the possible contributors to a text that also takes into account direction of influence. The method brings powerful new evidence to bear on crucial questions such as the author of the Groats-worth of Witte (1592) letter, the identifiable hands in 3 Henry VI, the extent of Francis Bacon's contribution to Twelfth Night and The Tempest, and the scheduling of Love's Labour's Lost at the 1594-5 Gray's Inn Christmas revels for which Bacon wrote entertainments. The treatise also provides detailed analyses of the nature of the complaint against Shakspere in the Groats-worth letter, the identity of the players who performed The Comedy of Errors at Gray's Inn in 1594, and the reasons why Shakspere could not have had access to Virginia colony information that appears in The Tempest. With a Foreword by Sir Mark Rylance, this meticulously researched and penetrating study is a thought-provoking read for the inquisitive student in Shakespeare Studies.

Francis Bacon's Contribution to Shakespeare advocates a paradigm shift away from a single-author theory of the Shakespeare work towards a many-hands theory. Here, the middle ground is adopted between competing so-called Stratfordian and alternative single-author conspiracy theories. In the process, arguments are advanced as to why Shakespeare's First Folio (1623) presents as an unreliable document for attribution, and why contemporary opinion characterised Shakspere [his baptised name] as an opportunist businessman who acquired the work of others. Current methods of authorship attribution are critiqued, and an entirely new Rare Collocation Profiling (RCP) method is introduced which, unlike current stylometric methods, is capable of detecting multiple contributors to a text. Using the Early English Books Online database, rare phrases and collocations in a target text are identified together with the authors who used them. This allows a DNA-type profile to be constructed for the possible contributors to a text that also takes into account direction of influence. The method brings powerful new evidence to bear on crucial questions such as the author of the Groats-worth of Witte (1592) letter, the identifiable hands in 3 Henry VI, the extent of Francis Bacon's contribution to Twelfth Night and The Tempest, and the scheduling of Love's Labour's Lost at the 1594-5 Gray's Inn Christmas revels for which Bacon wrote entertainments. The treatise also provides detailed analyses of the nature of the complaint against Shakspere in the Groats-worth letter, the identity of the players who performed The Comedy of Errors at Gray's Inn in 1594, and the reasons why Shakspere could not have had access to Virginia colony information that appears in The Tempest. With a Foreword by Sir Mark Rylance, this meticulously researched and penetrating study is a thought-provoking read for the inquisitive student in Shakespeare Studies.

Solvers, rejoice! There's a terrific new book of logic puzzles, created by one of the true Renaissance men of our time: Barry R. Clarke. Are you ready to stretch your brain? This ingenious new collection will do just that, with a wide variety of conundrums to test your mental-reasoning skills. In addition to traditional logic puzzles, solvers have to contend with liars and truthtellers, playing cards, digital deletions, movie-theater seating, and more! As the book progresses, the puzzles grow more difficult. All the answers are in the back, but not in order. That way you can't accidentally glimpse the explanation for the next enigma before you attempt it!

So, you think you've got the brain-power to tackle tough logic puzzles? Well, try this extraordinary assortment of challenges, including Mix-and-Match logic puzzles and "Find the Liar" type puzzles. Some puzzles have tables that can be used to deduce relationships between people or items, some use word-play to present the problem, and still others use illustrations to highlight the challenge. Whatever their form, each is designed to stretch your mind to the max. And the level of difficulty increases as you move through the book, concluding with a series so diabolical, even the most expert puzzle sleuths may have to beg for mercy! Fortunately, solutions for every puzzle are included, along with explanations of how the answers are determined, so you'll even be able to build your puzzle-solving skills.

Are you one of the millions of people throughout the world that are fascinated by puzzles, conundrums and brain teasers? If so then you will want this collection of amusing twisters from Barry Clarke. Based on his extensive experience of writing for the Daily Telegraph, Sunday Times and New Scientist, Clarke has gathered together a variety of posers, together with hints and full solutions. Several examples of a brand new type of puzzle, The Word Bandit, are included as well. The whole gamut of others from logical and liar problems through to digital deletions are included. The puzzles themselves require no special mathematical knowledge, though for those in the 'Advanced' section even seasoned solvers will need to work pretty hard to find the answer. There is something for everyone here; puzzles for children, for the family, for members of Mensa, but above all Puzzles for Pleasure.