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Boris Chertok's memoirs are part of the second generation of
publications on Soviet space history, one that eclipsed the
(heavily censored) first generation published during the Communist
era. Memoirs constituted a large part of the second generation. The
distribution of material spanning the four volumes of Chertok's
memoirs is roughly chronological. This, the fourth and final volume
is largely devoted to the Soviet project to send cosmonauts to the
Moon in the 1960s, covering all aspects of the development of the
giant N-1 rocket. The last portion of this volume covers the
origins of the Salyut and Mir space station programs, ending with a
fascinating description of the massive Energiya-Buran project,
developed as a countermeasure to the American Space Shuttle. NASA
SP-2011-4110
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet
space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand
accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian
accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician
Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that
gap. This official NASA history series document has been converted
for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. In this
Volume 2, Chertok takes up the story with the development of the
world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and ends
with the launch of Sputnik and the early Moon, Mars, and Venus
probes. His engaging accounts of these dramatic and historic years
reveal repeated failures, technical problems, and governmental
struggles that marked the opening of the space race in the Soviet
Union. An extensive technical discussion provides new details about
the tragic Nedelin Disaster in October 1960 which killed over 100
workers attempting to launch an ICBM. Chertok calls it most
horrific disaster in the history of missile and space technology.
Contents: Three New Technologies, Three State Committees * The
Return * From Usedom Island to Gorodomlya Island * Institute No. 88
and Director Gonor * The Alliance with Science * Department U *
Face to Face with the R-1 Missile * The R-1 Missile Goes Into
Service * Managers and Colleagues * NII-885 and Other Institutes *
Air Defense Missiles * Flying by the Stars * Missiles of the Cold
War's First Decade * On the First Missile Submarine * Prologue to
Nuclear Strategy * The Seven Problems of the R-7 Missile * The
Birth of a Firing Range * 15 May 1957 * No Time for a Breather *
Mysterious Illness * Breakthrough into Space * Flight-Development
Tests Continue * The R-7 Goes into Service * From Tyuratam to the
Hawaiian Islands and Beyond * Lunar Assault * Back at RNII * The
Great Merger * First School of Control in Space * Ye-2 Flies to the
Moon and We Fly to Koshka * The Beginning of the 1960s * Onward to
Mars...and Venus * Catastrophes Chertok began his career as an
electrician in 1930 at an aviation factory near Moscow.
Twenty-seven years later, he became deputy to the founding figure
of the Soviet space program, the mysterious Chief Designer Sergey
Korolev. Chertok's sixty-year-long career and the many successes
and failures of the Soviet space program constitute the core of his
memoirs, Rockets and People. In these writings, spread over four
volumes, Academician Chertok not only describes and remembers, but
also elicits and extracts profound insights from an epic story
about a society's quest to explore the cosmos. NASA issued a
statement about the passing of this pioneer: Russian rocket
designer Boris Yevseyevich Chertok, one of the founding fathers of
the Russian space program, passed away on Dec. 14, 2011 at the age
of 99. We share the loss of Boris Chertok with our Russian
colleagues, said Bill Gerstenmaier, NASA associate administrator
for Human Exploration and Operations. He was he a spaceflight
pioneer and an inspiration to everyone associated with spaceflight.
I remember him coming into the control center in Moscow in the
middle of the night at the age of 97. He was an inspiration to
every flight controller in Moscow. I also remember fondly sitting
in Korolev's apartment in Moscow, now a museum, and having Boris
describe meetings with Korolev, the general designer, at his
kitchen table. The passion in Boris' eyes and voice gave me a
unique insight into the Russian team and operations. Boris's speech
this year at the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's flight was amazing
and awe inspiring. His books and memoirs are a true treasure. He
was a friend of NASA and he will be missed. His spirit will live on
in the hearts of the Russian and American human spaceflight team.
NASA SP-2006-4110.
In this third volume of a planned four-volume set of memoirs, the
famous Russian spacecraft designer Boris Chertok, who worked under
the legendary Sergey Korolev, continues his fascinating narrative
on the early history of the Soviet space program, from 1961 to
1967, arguably the peak of the effort. Chertok devotes a
significant portion of the volume to the early years of Soviet
human space flight in the early 1960's. These include a chapter on
the Vostok and Voskhod programs, which left an indelible mark on
early years of the "space race," a lengthy meditation on the
origins and early missions of the Soyuz space program, the flight
and death of cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov during the very first
piloted Soyuz flight in 1967. Additional chapters cover robotic
programs such as the Molniya communications satellite system, the
Zenit spy satellite program, and the Luna series of probes that
culminated in the world's first survivable landing of a probe on
the surface of the Moon. Chertok also devotes several chapters to
the development of early generations of Soviet intercontinental
ballistic missiles and missile defense systems. Chertok's chapter
on the Cuban Missile Crisis provides a radically unique perspective
on the crisis, from the point of view of those who would have been
responsible for unleashing nuclear Armageddon in 1962 had Kennedy
and Khrushchev not been able to agree on a stalemate. Two further
chapters cover the untimely deaths of the most important luminaries
of the era: Sergey Korolev and Yuriy Gagarin. Finally, historians
of Soviet science will find much of the interest in the concluding
chapter focused on the relationship between the space program and
the Soviet Academy of Sciences. NASA SP-2009-4110.
In this third volume of a planned four-volume set of memoirs, the
famous Russian spacecraft designer Boris Chertok, who worked under
the legendary Sergey Korolev, continues his fascinating narrative
on the early history of the Soviet space program, from 1961 to
1967, arguably the peak of the effort. Chertok devotes a
significant portion of the volume to the early years of Soviet
human space flight in the early 1960's. These include a chapter on
the Vostok and Voskhod programs, which left an indelible mark on
early years of the "space race," a lengthy meditation on the
origins and early missions of the Soyuz space program, the flight
and death of cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov during the very first
piloted Soyuz flight in 1967. Additional chapters cover robotic
programs such as the Molniya communications satellite system, the
Zenit spy satellite program, and the Luna series of probes that
culminated in the world's first survivable landing of a probe on
the surface of the Moon. Chertok also devotes several chapters to
the development of early generations of Soviet intercontinental
ballistic missiles and missile defense systems. Chertok's chapter
on the Cuban Missile Crisis provides a radically unique perspective
on the crisis, from the point of view of those who would have been
responsible for unleashing nuclear Armageddon in 1962 had Kennedy
and Khrushchev not been able to agree on a stalemate. Two further
chapters cover the untimely deaths of the most important luminaries
of the era: Sergey Korolev and Yuriy Gagarin. Finally, historians
of Soviet science will find much of the interest in the concluding
chapter focused on the relationship between the space program and
the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet
space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand
accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian
accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician
Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that
gap. Chertok began his career as an electrician in 1930 at an
aviation factory near Moscow. Twenty-seven years later, he became
deputy to the founding figure of the Soviet space program, the
mysterious Chief Designer Sergey Korolev. Chertok's sixty-year-long
career and the many successes and failures of the Soviet space
program constitute the core of his memoirs, Rockets and People. In
these writings, spread over four volumes, Academician Chertok not
only describes and remembers, but also elicits and extracts
profound insights from an epic story about a society's quest to
explore the cosmos. In Volume 1, Chertok describes his early years
as an engineer and ends with the mission to Germany after the end
of World War II when the Soviets captured Nazi missile technology
and expertise. Volume 2 takes up the story with the development of
the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and
ends with the launch of Sputnik and the early Moon probes. In
Volume 3, Chertok recollects the great successes of the Soviet
space program in the 1960s including the launch of the world's
first space voyager Yuriy Gagarin as well as many events connected
with the Cold War. Finally, in Volume 4, Chertok meditates at
length on the massive Soviet lunar project designed to beat the
Americans to the Moon in the 1960s, ending with his remembrances of
the Energiya-Buran project.
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet
space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand
accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian
accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician
Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that
gap. This official NASA history series document has been converted
for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. In this
Volume 2, Chertok takes up the story with the development of the
world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and ends
with the launch of Sputnik and the early Moon, Mars, and Venus
probes. His engaging accounts of these dramatic and historic years
reveal repeated failures, technical problems, and governmental
struggles that marked the opening of the space race in the Soviet
Union. An extensive technical discussion provides new details about
the tragic Nedelin Disaster in October 1960 which killed over 100
workers attempting to launch an ICBM. Chertok calls it most
horrific disaster in the history of missile and space technology.
Contents: Three New Technologies, Three State Committees * The
Return * From Usedom Island to Gorodomlya Island * Institute No. 88
and Director Gonor * The Alliance with Science * Department U *
Face to Face with the R-1 Missile * The R-1 Missile Goes Into
Service * Managers and Colleagues * NII-885 and Other Institutes *
Air Defense Missiles * Flying by the Stars * Missiles of the Cold
War's First Decade * On the First Missile Submarine * Prologue to
Nuclear Strategy * The Seven Problems of the R-7 Missile * The
Birth of a Firing Range * 15 May 1957 * No Time for a Breather *
Mysterious Illness * Breakthrough into Space * Flight-Development
Tests Continue * The R-7 Goes into Service * From Tyuratam to the
Hawaiian Islands and Beyond * Lunar Assault * Back at RNII * The
Great Merger * First School of Control in Space * Ye-2 Flies to the
Moon and We Fly to Koshka * The Beginning of the 1960s * "Onward to
Mars...and Venus" * Catastrophes Chertok began his career as an
electrician in 1930 at an aviation factory near Moscow.
Twenty-seven years later, he became deputy to the founding figure
of the Soviet space program, the mysterious "Chief Designer" Sergey
Korolev. Chertok's sixty-year-long career and the many successes
and failures of the Soviet space program constitute the core of his
memoirs, Rockets and People. In these writings, spread over four
volumes, Academician Chertok not only describes and remembers, but
also elicits and extracts profound insights from an epic story
about a society's quest to explore the cosmos. NASA issued a
statement about the passing of this pioneer: Russian rocket
designer Boris Yevseyevich Chertok, one of the founding fathers of
the Russian space program, passed away on Dec. 14, 2011 at the age
of 99. We share the loss of Boris Chertok with our Russian
colleagues," said Bill Gerstenmaier, NASA associate administrator
for Human Exploration and Operations. "He was he a spaceflight
pioneer and an inspiration to everyone associated with spaceflight.
I remember him coming into the control center in Moscow in the
middle of the night at the age of 97. He was an inspiration to
every flight controller in Moscow. I also remember fondly sitting
in Korolev's apartment in Moscow, now a museum, and having Boris
describe meetings with Korolev, the general designer, at his
kitchen table. The passion in Boris' eyes and voice gave me a
unique insight into the Russian team and operations. Boris's speech
this year at the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's flight was amazing
and awe inspiring. His books and memoirs are a true treasure. He
was a friend of NASA and he will be missed. His spirit will live on
in the hearts of the Russian and American human spaceflight team."
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