This pioneering Handbook details the origins of the concept of frugal innovation, its emergence as an academic field of interest, and the driving forces behind it. It presents new empirical evidence and critical perspectives on what frugal innovation entails, from a range of disciplines including science and engineering, humanities, and the social sciences. Analysing case studies on frugal innovation from across the globe, this Handbook assesses the role of innovation in addressing societal challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. Chapters examine key topics in the field, covering gender as a lens for frugal innovation, managing frugal innovation for sustainable development, design and engineering in frugal product formation, and the global markets for frugal innovation policies. Contributors pay specific attention to the role of technology as an enabler for frugal innovation, and the institutional and social contexts in which it takes place. Providing a comprehensive overview of frugal innovation, this Handbook will be essential reading for academics and students in the fields of development economics, business and management studies and organisational innovation. It will also be beneficial for policymakers and government officials interested in perspectives on innovation that could be instrumental in the formation and implementation of innovation policies.

This major new text by two leading authorities in the field provides a state-of-the-art assessment of what we know about voting behavior and the character, consequences and significance of elections in democratic states. Uniquely broad-ranging in scope, it shows how patterns of electoral behavior have evolved over time and also assesses the varying extents to which voters in different countries are able to affect the direction of government policies in practice.

This book presents the most systematic and consistent study to date of the 'consequences of context' for the process through which citizens' decide on their electoral behaviour. It derives contextual variation from cross-national and within-country comparisons. The contextual dimensions investigated pertain to the political, economic and social domains, and their impact is investigated on the factors that drive citizens' decision to participate in an election and on their subsequent decision which party to vote for. The book thus focuses not on whether people vote and for which party, but instead on more fundamental questions about contextual effects on the determinants of electoral participation and the vote. The analyses are based on an integrated database of national election studies conducted in European countries and utilises an innovative multi-level logistic regression methodology. This methodology, elaborated in detail early on and subsequently applied in each of the following chapters, identifies the moderating effect, or the "consequences", of altogether nine classes of different context conditions on individual level determinants of electoral participation and party choice.

The allocation of subsidies is often regarded as a fundamental role of governments in order to realise and maintain benefits to society. The possibility that public subsidies could actually be counterproductive contradicts common perception. The authors of this challenging book present recent evidence which, in their view, suggests that subsidies may in fact turn out to be a contemporary plague. Public Subsidies and Policy Failures provides extensive analysis of the theory and political economy of public support policies, demonstrating how subsidies can harm the environment, distort trade, and benefit those in society who do not require support. Furthermore, they often fail to achieve the desired and expected goals. The authors employ a theoretical framework to illustrate the impact of subsidies on developed and developing economies, as well as on international trade. They examine public subsidies in various natural resource and industrial sectors and discover that many turn out to be policy failures. They also investigate the various barriers and lock-in mechanisms by which subsidies become entrenched in economic and political structures. The book goes on to propose concrete actions, policy strategies and international 'Grand Deals' which will engender effective subsidy reforms. Scholars, researchers and students will welcome this rigorous investigation into the political and economic costs and benefits of public subsidies. International trade organisations and policymakers will also benefit from the strategic emphasis.

Published in association with the Netherlands Commission for UNESCO and the Roosevelt Study Center, Middelburg, The Netherlands, this volume is edited from papers delivered at two international conferences on human rights as individual rights and as the rights of collectivities such as states, peoples, and minorities. Papers focus on human and collective rights in Africa, Asia, Eastern and Western Europe, and the United States from a variety of social, political, religious, and moral perspectives.

Data management technology is rapidly progressing, and with it comes the need for stricter rules that ensure the information being collected is handled appropriately. Ensuring Research Integrity and the Ethical Management of Data is an essential resource that examines the best approaches for providing quality research, as well as how to effectively manage that information in a reputable way. Featuring extensive research on relevant topics such as qualitative data collection, data sharing, data misinterpretation, and intellectual property, this scholarly publication is an ideal reference source for academicians, students, and researchers interested in current trends and techniques in ethical research and data management. Topics Covered: The many academic areas covered in this publication include, but are not limited to: Data Misinterpretation Data Privacy Data Reporting Data Sharing Intellectual Property Peer Review Process Qualitative Data Collection Quantitative Data Processing

This book presents a collection of philosophical essays on freedom and tolerance in the Netherlands. It explores liberal freedom and its limits in areas such as freedom of speech, public reason, sexual morality, euthanasia, drugs policy, and minority rights. The book takes Dutch practices as exemplary test cases for the principled discussions on these subjects from the perspective of political liberalism. Indeed, the Netherlands may be viewed as a social laboratory in human tolerance. During the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, Holland took the lead in a global emancipation process towards a society based on equal freedom. It was the first country to legalize euthanasia, soft drugs and gay marriage. In the final sections, the book examines the question of whether the political murders on the politician Pim Fortuyn and the film director Theo van Gogh, the reactions to Ayaan Hirsi Ali's film Submission, as well as the success of the populist politician Geert Wilders are signs of the end of Dutch tolerance. Although it recognizes that the political climate has taken a conservative turn, the book shows that the Netherlands still shows remarkable tolerance.

-Selected papers on Renaissance philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes offers the best work in these fields by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship,
-Topics covered include Renaissance philosophy of nature; the development of the notion of time in early modern philosophy; Telesio's concept of space; Hermetic influences on Pico, Patrizi and Hobbes; Hobbes's Short Tract; Spinoza and Hobbes; Hobbes's political philosophy,
-This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, twelve papers. Though these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far,
-All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections

-Selected papers on phenomenology offers the best work in this field by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship,
-Topics covered include the development of Husserl's concept of intentionality, Husserl and Indian philosophy, the origins of speech act theory in Munich phenomenology, the historical background of the notion of "phenomenology," and Johannes Daubert's critique of Martin Heidegger,
-This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, fourteen papers. Though thirteen of these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far. In addition, a substantial piece of research, Schuhmann's chronicle of Johannes Daubert, appears here for the first time,
-All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections.

This book offers insight into the current developments in mathematical economics. The book is intended for a broad audience and technicalities are kept to a minimum. The issues addressed include general equilibrium, price competition, auctions, environmental policy, networks, dynamic (in)stability and bounded rationality. Moreover, the book contains a survey and appraisal of the work of Claus Weddepohl, to whom the volume is dedicated. In his academic career, Claus Weddepohl made important contributions to the development of mathematical economics. He did so in his own writings on general equilibrium theory, the theory of markets and on economic dynamics. He was also a stimulating teacher and inspired the scientific research of many of his colleagues.

Euromech 357 took place in the nice authentic monastery 'Rolduc' in Kerkrade, Holland. The objective was to bring together researchers to present their latest advancements in the relatively new domain of Material properties identification by Mixed Numerical Experimental Methods (MMM). MMM are a modem and increasingly powerful way to determine the values of unknown parameters in a numerical model by observations made on real physical test structures. Starting from the measurement of output values (like displacements, stresses, velocities, vibrations, .. ) of the real physical test structure, MMM try to update parameters in the numerical model in such a way that the computed observations match the experimental observations. It was shown clearly at the colloquium that the combined use of numerical analysing tools and sophisticated measurement techniques has created an extra degree of freedom for the design of experiments and has led to new approaches for material characterisation. The colloquium was attended by 39 participants coming from 12 different European countries. We had 23 oral presentations on the different topics of the above mentioned sessions. Each presentation was followed by an intensive discussion. Du~ to the informal atmosphere and the limited number of participants, the discussions were very lively and fruitful. The opportunity to continue to discuss common problems after dinner in a reserved place was also offered to the Euromech participants. This opportunity and the fact that the monastery was isolated (nobody could escape!) created an excellent platform for discussions and personal contacts.

Some 25 years ago, the coronary care unit concentrated high technology and the acutely ill patients who might benefit from it in a single, recognizable space. Since then, that space and its technical equipment have changed, as has part of its population. Acute ischemia, silent and manifest, occurs within and outside of the coronary care unit as pain, arrhythmia, or pump failure. Its detection and treatment require the utilization of many diagnostic techniques and skills, not the least of which is two-dimensional Doppler echocardio graphy, which is gaining importance. Future developments, in tandem with computer technology, may add to this importance by enabling tissue identification, spatial representation, and Doppler flow mapping. This book describes the state of the art for the practicing clinician using Doppler echocardi?graphy at the bedside of patients with acute ischemic manifestations of coronary heart disease. The first requirement is to move from the echo laboratory to the coronary care unit, emergency department, operating room, or catheterization laboratory, using equipment suited for that purpose. The second, more trying imperative is to secure good cooper Ition between those treating the acutely ill patient and the investigator who interferes with his probes. If successful ceeding in both, rewarding results can be obtained, since echocardiography is a very sensitive and specific tool for recognizing and quantifying early ischemia.

In August, 1976 the research seminar 'Decision-making in business' was organized at Nijenrode, The Netherlands School of Business. More than fifty scientists and practitioners from nine countries presented research papers in one of the six discussion groups. Some of them also presented some of their ideas in front of a large mixed audience at a one-day symposium. Many of the papers presented at Nijenrode were of such a high quality that the decision to publish a selection of them was an easy one. At the same time the new series Nijenrode studies in business was initiated. All who were involved, the policy committee of the N ijenrode studies, the advisory and editorial board of the series, the publisher, and the organizing committee of the seminar and symposium, acclaimed the idea of publishing three volumes in the new series. A collection of eleven papers could be grouped under the title Trends in managerial andfinancial accounting. Another collection will be published as volume 2 of this series under the title TI'ends in financial decision-making, while volume 3 will consist of papers exploring the theme Trends in business ethics. The books are intended for those who are interested in new developments in the decision-making area. They are especially suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses: volume 1 in managerial or financial accounting courses; volume 2 in courses on managerial finance, capital budgeting or decision making; and volume 3 in courses on business ethics or related fields."

This volume inc1udes a selection of papers presented at the second European Research Conference (EURESCO) on "The International Dimension of Environmental Policy" held in Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, in October 2001. We thank those who made this conference possible: the European Science Foundation (ESF), which provided financial and organizational support; the European Commission EURESCO Programme; the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM) in Milan; and GLOBUS, Tilburg University. The European Science Foundation (ESF), the EURESCO Programme, FEEM and GLOBUS cannot be held responsible for the contents and/or opinions expressed in this volume. Our gratitude also goes to the people who assisted us in editing this volume: the papers' referees, the authors, our publisher Kluwer, and especially to Stefan Jost in Rostock who handled the manuscript with maximum care during the process of copy-editing. None of these persons bears any responsibilities for remaining errors or shortcomings. Laura Marsiliani, Michael Rauscher, and Cees Withagen [Marsiliani, L., Rauscher, M. and Withagen, c.] (eds.), [Environmental Policy in an International Perspective], xi. (c) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Introduction a C Laura Marsiliani , Michael Rauscherb and Cees Withagen a University 0/ Rochester and University 0/ Durham, b University 0/ Rostock, C Free University Amsterdam and Ti/burg University 1. THE ISSUES Nowadays, the proteetion of the environment is one of the most debated issues in the international are~a. Because of the transboundary nature of pollution and the characteristic of the environment as aglobaI public good, international co- operation is highly desirable.

Especially the past two decades have seen renewed interest in the vasculitides. In this volume an international expert group presents the current state of knowledge and concentrates on principles of immune modulating therapy. Drawing from their work in rheumatology, nephrology, internal medicine, connective tissue disease and clinical immunology, they present new concepts in classificiation, diagnosis and pathophysiology of the vasculitides. Evidence from experimental and clinical trials is reviewed, as well as the outlook for further research.

Investigation of the structure and function of biological molecules through spectroscopic methods is a field rich in revealing, clever techniques and demanding experiments. It is most gratifying to see that the basic concepts are applied to more and more complex systems, making feasible the study of the behaviour of whole systems in relation to molecular disturbances. The analytical potential of spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging enables species identification of bacteria and tissue recognition. Clear opportunities for in vivo applications become apparent in the medical field. The methods developed in biophysics start to generate spin-off in the direction of biotechnology, where in previous years we have seen this happen for biochemical techniques. New directions are manifest. Tools are being developed to investigate the behaviour of single molecules in interaction with their environment. Individual interactions can now be investigated and individual molecules in complexes can be visualized. Processes that were previously unobservable as a result of ensemble averaging can now be investigated on a single molecule level. Completely new information with regard to molecular behaviour is obtained in this way. The insights amaze us and the prospect that this development will continue is exciting. The 8th European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules is proud to have contributed to the dissemination of these new directions. This proceedings book is an appropriate reflection of the progress obtained so far in the spectroscopy of biological molecules.

This work covers the new Netherlands Antillean legislation on money laundering and makes suggestions for improvement. It provides an overview of money that has been obtained from criminal activities and either is used for illegal purposes and/or is used for the infiltration of the legal underworld by making (seemingly legal) investments (also called dirty money). This work also covers the International Agreements, and the legal situation in the USA, and includes some remarks on bank secrecy and other secrecy obligations. This book will serve as a reference manual for staff of financial institutions, government personnel, accountants and legal practitioners, who in their work may be confronted with aspects of money-laundering.

About 550 registrants from 51 different countries attended the Seventh Ottawa Conference on Medical Education and Assessment in Maastricht. We received 525 abstracts for the conference, divided in thematic poster sessions and platform presentations. Organising the conference was an honour and we tried to meet the high standards of a friendly and relaxed atmosphere which has characterized previous Ottawa conferences. During and after the conference about 250 papers were submitted for publication in the conference proceedings, leaving us little time for a post-conference depression. Despite the large number of papers, the editors have attempted to review and edit the papers as care fully as possible. Occasionally, however, correspondence exceeded reasonable deadlines, preventing careful editing of a small number of the papers. Although we felt that our editorial task was not quite finished, we nevertheless decided to include these papers. We thank the many authors for their enthusiastic and prompt response to - occasionally tedious - editorial suggestions and requests. We are sure that this collective effort has resulted in a book that will make an important contribution to the field of medical education. The editors want to thank Jocelyn Flippo-Berger whose expertise with desk top publishing and perseverance was a great help."