Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

This volume represents the most important deliverable of the European-funded project Radio-Past (www.radiopast.eu). It is intended to disseminate the key results achieved in the form of methodological guidelines for the application of non-destructive approaches in order to understand, visualize and manage complex archaeological sites, in particular large multi-period settlements whose remains are still mostly buried. The authors were selected from among the project research staff but also from among leading international specialists who served as speakers at the two international events organized in the frameworkof the project (the Valle Giulia Colloquium of Rome 2009 and the Colloquium of Ghent 2013) and at the three Specialization Fora, the high formation training activities organized in 2010, 2011 and 2012.

As such, the book offers contributions on diverse aspects of the research process (data capture, data management, data elaboration, data visualization and site management), presenting the state of the art and drafting guidelines for good practice in each field.

A profound and frank analysis of the problems arising from the impact of free market globalization in CIS countries. Possible new solutions are presented and discussed, especially those based on the key role of innovation. A new, original proposal is made for the development of a common technological language', starting from a European standardization of computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM).

The age of the real-time supply chain has finally arrived. Thanks to an emerging technology construct--the Internet-based "mega-portal"--companies can now connect instantaneously with suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, customers, and alliance partners around the world. Online access to up-to-the-minute information enables companies to improve communication and project management across the entire supply chain, promote collaboration across departments, and enhance customer service and financial operations. The results are stunning; for example, a recent survey reports dramatic increases in revenues and customer retention and decreases in operating costs and product cycle times. Drawing from extensive primary research, this book presents detailed examples of how organizations as diverse as Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Dell, and the U.S. Department of Defense are creating information and communication hubs online and reaping the rewards. The authors explain the basic technical and organizational infrastructure necessary for launching a mega-portal and how its successful management can have profound impact on every area and function of the extended enterprise--from strategy to logistics, product development to customer service. As competition heats up from every direction, the ability to design and manage your supply chain with precision and speed becomes a business imperative. In Real Time offers a practical blueprint for building, implementing, and sustaining supply chains in today's rapidly changing environment.

These proceedings comprise invited papers from highly experienced researchers in THz technology and security applications. THz detection of explosives represents one of the most appealing technologies to have recently emerged in dealing with terrorist attacks encountered by civil security and military forces throughout the world. Discussed are the most advanced technologies and developments, the various points of operational strength and weaknesses as well as are suggestions and predictions the best technological solutions to overcome current operational limits.The current status of various levels of cooling in THz detectors, sources and associated electronics are also addressed. The goal was to provide a clear view on the current technologies available and the required advances needed in order to achieve more efficient systems. This goal was outlined in part by establishing the baseline of current uncertainty estimations in physics-based modelling and the identification of key areas which require additional research and development.

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This book contains a multi-faceted, multi-media set of products to serve as a definitive guide and toolset for executives who must build and operate global supply chain networks in a period of systemic, extreme change.

Some rapid and complex changes have taken place during recent years in the former Soviet Union. These incredible changes occurred not only in political policy and behavior, but also in social life and within framework of economic rules, especially the aspects concerning the key factor of new and advanced economies, which is based on Innovation Technology (IT). In fact, IT is becoming to be a key factor or, at least, the enzymatic factor necessary for activating asolid economy, based on advanced products and manufacturing, and with an incredible and unforeseeable impact on human lifestyle and wellbeing. This tool of development coupled to a world-wide movement towards a post-industrial era, with poorly defined economic, social and cultural boundaries is rapidly gaining support all over the world, supporting and creating a "global market." This globalization, intended as market expansion and flooding, is really a deeper and more complex phenomenon, surely mainly deriving from a cultural movement (the origin and aim ofthe use of IT as a tool for World Globalization). The process of globalization of the Innovation Market, which might have originated the economy failure of Eastern Europe with a risk of disintegration, is really the only way to solve the problem; therefore, the integration within the whole of Europe should be based on the paradigm of an Innovation Policy.

Problems in Set Theory, Mathematical Logic and the Theory of Algorithms by I. Lavrov & L. Maksimova is an English translation of the fourth edition of the most popular student problem book in mathematical logic in Russian. It covers major classical topics in proof theory and the semantics of propositional and predicate logic as well as set theory and computation theory. Each chapter begins with 1-2 pages of terminology and definitions that make the book self-contained. Solutions are provided. The book is likely to become an essential part of curricula in logic.

This book discusses the key concepts of the technologies that underpin the drive towards sustainability in today s complex world. The authors propose an integrated view of the frontiers facing any organization nowadays whether an enterprise, an administration or any human collective construction that operates with a goal, a mission or an objective. While a unified approach still seems unachievable, the authors have nevertheless tackled the amalgamation of the underpinning elements (theories, domains of expertise and practice) and propose a model for assimilating the new concepts with a global view to design the sustainable organizations of the future. The book paves a way towards a general convergence theory, which will manifest, as a by-product, genuine sustainability. Furthermore, and due to the fact that the same main principles apply, the book redesigns the notion of competitiveness , which today is too often simply reduced to profitability.

This collection brings together some of the most influential sociologists of law to confront the challenges of current transnational constitutionalism. It shows the constitution appearing in a new light: no longer as an essential factor of unity and stabilisation but as a potential defence of pluralism and innovation. The first part of the book is devoted to the analysis of the concept of constitution, highlighting the elements that can contribute from a socio-legal perspective, to clarifying the principle meanings attributed to the constitution. The study goes on to analyse some concrete aspects of the functioning of constitutions in contemporary society. In applying Luhmann's General Systems Theory to a comparative analysis of the concept of constitution, the work contributes to a better understanding of this traditional concept in both its institutionalised and functional aspects. Defining the constitution's contents and functions both at the conceptual level and by taking empirical issues of particular comparative interest into account, this study will be of importance to scholars and students of sociology of law, sociology of politics and comparative public law.

In sexually reproducing organisms, germ cells give rise to gametes and serve as the link between generations. A key event during germ cell development is the decision to leave mitosis and enter meiosis, leading to the formation of mature eggs and sperm. Germ cell development involves unique gene expression programs and the establishment of epigenetic marks that ensure success during fertilization and embryo development. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews the biology of germ cells in metazoans. The contributors describe the undifferentiated state of germline stem cells, the triggers for meiotic entry, and the transcriptional and post transcriptional controls during spermatogenesis and oogenesis that lead to the formation of mature gametes. The expression of sex linked genes and the establishment of genomic imprinting in the germline are also covered. This volume, which includes discussions of gamete recognition proteins, egg activation, and genetic reprogramming following nuclear transfer, is an indispensable reference for cell, molecular, and developmental biologists and anyone wishing to understand the implications of germ cell biology for reproductive technologies.

The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.

This Palgrave Handbook offers the first international comparative study into the efficiency of the industrial organization of the global wine industry. Looking at several important vineyards of the main wine countries, the contributors analyze differences in implementation and articulation of three key stages: grape production, wine making and distribution (marketing, selling and logistics). By examining regulations, organization theory, industry organizational efficiency and vertical integration, up to date strategies in the sector are presented and appraised. Which models are most efficient? What are the most relevant factors for optimal performance? How do reputation and governance impact the industry? Should different models co-exist within the wine countries for global success? This comprehensive volume is essential reading for students, researchers and professionals in the wine industry.

This study traces the history of urbanization in Denmark from c. 500 to 1350 and explores how interconnected political, religious, and economic factors were instrumental in bringing about the growth of towns. Prior to urban development, certain specialized sites such as elite residences and coastal landing places performed many of the functions that would later be taken over by medieval towns. Fundamental changes in political power, the coming of Christianity, and economic development over the course of the Viking and Middle Ages led to the abandonment of these sites in favour of new urban settlements that would come to form the political, religious, and economic centres of the medieval kingdom. Bringing together both archaeological and historical sources, this study illustrates not only how certain cultural and economic shifts were crucial to the development of towns, but also the important role urbanization had in the transition from Viking to medieval Denmark.

Whilst innovation remains of course an approach, a process, and is still often even reduced to a set of results, it essentially reflects a way of thinking evolution. Time is up for varying the thinking methods according to capacities and learned and available competencies with a view to change the thinking level. No domain and no sector is immune to this transformation in todays world Having clarified our ideas through this book, we remain ever more convinced that the leveled maturity approach will lead to real advances in innovation over the 2020 years. Hence the competitive capacities of organizations must evolve. As we strive in our quest for new inspiration sources in business, let us reckon that all is bound to evolving including the way to evolve. In that resides the very capacity to innovate.

Based on the author's twenty years of experience, this book shows the practicality of modern, conceptually new, wide area voltage control in transmission and distribution smart grids, in detail. Evidence is given of the great advantages of this approach, as well as what can be gained by new control functionalities which modern technologies now available can provide. The distinction between solutions of wide area voltage regulation (V-WAR) and wide area voltage protection (V-WAP) are presented, demonstrating the proper synergy between them when they operate on the same power system as well as the simplicity and effectiveness of the protection solution in this case. The author provides an overview and detailed descriptions of voltage controls, distinguishing between generalities of underdeveloped, on-field operating applications and modern and available automatic control solutions, which are as yet not sufficiently known or perceived for what they are: practical, high-performance and reliable solutions. At the end of this thorough and complex preliminary analysis the reader sees the true benefits and limitations of more traditional voltage control solutions, and gains an understanding and appreciation of the innovative grid voltage control and protection solutions here proposed; solutions aimed at improving the security, efficiency and quality of electrical power system operation around the globe. Voltage Control and Protection in Electrical Power Systems: from System Components to Wide Area Control will help to show engineers working in electrical power companies and system operators the significant advantages of new control solutions and will also interest academic control researchers studying ways of increasing power system stability and efficiency.

In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson launched the War on Poverty as a centerpiece of the Great Society's effort to eliminate poverty in America. Forty years and many trillions of dollars later, poverty in America has increased, not decreased, despite the vast efforts of the largest governmental welfare system ever created in human history. In direct challenge to the political thinking that built the welfare state, Rebuilding America presents the outline of a bold plan for the overall elimination of poverty. The strategy of this new effort focuses on mobilizing the assets of urban America that have been largely cast aside and ignored by forty years of Great Society schemes. The approach proposed by J. Kenneth Blackwell emphasizes developing the urban landscape and creating meaningful employment for the poor without imposing additional tax burdens on the American people. Unlike the programs of the Great Society, this new approach can actually break the welfare dependency that has encouraged mothers to remain single and has dispossessed so many fathers from their families. Rebuilding America argues for a phase-out of the welfare state by applying new techniques of public finance, not imposing additional taxes. It calls for financial institutions to deploy new capital into rebuilding our cities, providing them with incentives to work with established and newly formed corporations to integrate jobs with retraining programs in communities. By encouraging an "ownership society," the new initiative will correct the old flaw that sacrificed families and self-respect for the sake of bureaucratic systems and regulations. Rebuilding America aims at encouraging all families to thrive and be successful instead of depending on the governmental programs that stole their futures from them. While the focus of this book is on the state of Ohio, it has much wider implications. It serves as an alternative, conservative model for attacking urban poverty that can be applied nationwide.

Foundational questions in logic, mathematics, computer science and physics are constant sources of epistemological debate in contemporary philosophy. To what extent is the transfinite part of mathematics completely trustworthy? Why is there a general 'malaise' concerning the logical approach to the foundations of mathematics? What is the role of symmetry in physics? Is it possible to build a coherent worldview compatible with a macroobjectivistic position and based on the quantum picture of the world? What account can be given of opinion change in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions discussed in this volume, which collects 14 lectures on the foundation of science given at the School of Philosophy of Science, Trieste, October 1989. The volume will be of particular interest to any student or scholar engaged in interdisciplinary research into the foundations of science in the context of contemporary debates.