Nowadays, most digital modulation schemes are based on conventional signal constellations that have no algebraic group, ring, or field properties, e.g. square quadrature-amplitude modulation constellations. Signal constellations with algebraic structure can enhance the system performance. For instance, multidimensional signal constellations based on dense lattices can achieve performance gains due to the dense packing. The algebraic structure enables low-complexity decoding and detection schemes. In this work, signal constellations with algebraic properties and their application in spatial modulation transmission schemes are investigated. Several design approaches of two- and four-dimensional signal constellations based on Gaussian, Eisenstein, and Hurwitz integers are shown. Detection algorithms with reduced complexity are proposed. It is shown, that the proposed Eisenstein and Hurwitz constellations combined with the proposed suboptimal detection can outperform conventional two-dimensional constellations with ML detection.

Das Koenigreich Westphalen (1807-1813) ist vielfach als ein beschrieben worden, in dem vor allem verwaltungs- und gesellschaftspolitische Modernisierungen mit zum Teil durchaus nachhaltiger Wirkung erfolgt sind. Die Studie untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund das bislang kaum berucksichtigte Medizinalwesen. Nach der Charakterisierung der Ausgangsstellung bei Grundung dieses kunstlichen Staatsgebildes wird die weitere Entwicklung des Gesundheitswesens analysiert. Dabei geht der Autor auch der Frage nach, in wie weit die franzoesischen Verhaltnisse als Anleihe und Orientierung fur eine in Aussicht gestellte Medizinalreform dienten und welche Dringlichkeit medizinische und staatliche Vertreter ihr beimassen. Die Publikation zeigt, welche Intentionen verfolgt wurden und in welchem Masse Modernisierungen im Gesundheitswesen tatsachlich stattgefunden haben. Die Ambivalenz zwischen aktiver Neugestaltung in einigen Bereichen des Gesundheitswesens bei gleichzeitiger Verzoegerung und Verschleppung einer umfassenderen Reform werden im Kontext der politischen und oekonomischen Entwicklung des Koenigreichs gedeutet.

Liberty Fund is proud to present, in two volumes, 'The Collected Works of Armen A Alchian', bringing together Alchian's most influential essays, articles, editorials, and lectures to provide a comprehensive record of his thinking on a broad range of topics in economics. As various and as specific as some of this collection's topics are, they are unified, as editor Daniel K Benjamin writes, by "both a coherent methodology for doing economics, and a view of the world that celebrates the importance of individual liberty." Benjamin goes on to state that, in Alchian's view, "the purpose of theory is never theory in and of itself; it is instead to help individuals understand the world around them."

"A persuasive and utterly frightening picture of the current state of America's war on terror."--Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times
We are losing. Five years after the September 11 attacks, America finds its strategic position deteriorating in the global war on terror. In "The Next Attack," former White House counterterrorism experts Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon show how the terrorist threat has evolved since 9/11 and how America has undermined its own goals, not only in the ill-considered invasion and occupation of Iraq but also through our failure to understand the jihadists' ideology. Our actions have confirmed Osama bin Laden's message in the eyes of disaffected Muslims in the Middle East, Europe, and elsewhere, and in doing so, we are clearing the way for the next attack.
Benjamin and Simon argue that America needs a far-reaching and creative new strategy in combating Islamic radicalism, one that recognizes the costs of over-militarizing the battle against terror while setting realistic priorities for homeland security. And in a new afterword, they show how the ideological conflict is deepening and spreading across an increasingly radicalized Muslim world. We ignore this warning at our peril.

A comparative chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East based on twenty-two sources, five of which are previously unpublished. Benjamin reveals a great number of differences between the sources. Benjamin also highlights inconsistencies, omissions, errors and dates of succession of some patriarchs that appear to have been based on assumption.

The European Union is the most successful supranational organization in history. It has reconciled former enemies, established a single market and a common currency, and reintegrated Central and Eastern Europe into the West. Yet the EU remains unsatisfying to its members and its partners. An economic giant but a political pygmy, it seems hamstrung by bureaucracy and a lack of connection to European publics.

In "Europe 2030," distinguished authors predict what the European Union will look like twenty years from new. A range of views is presented, foreseeing everything from slower growth and diminished power to actions that would make the EU a more vigorous, influential world play.

Contributors include Oksana Antonenko (International Institute for Strategic Studies), Jos? Manuel Durao Barroso (European Commission), Jos? Cutileiro (former secretary general, Western European Union), Joschka Fischer (former minister of foreign affairs, Germany), Charles Grant (Center for European Reform), Andrew Hilton (Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation), Jonathan Laurence (German Marshall Fund, Boston College and Brookings Institution), Rui Chancerelle de Machete (consititutional and administrative attorney), Hubert V?drine (former minister of foreign affairs, France), and Joseph H.H. Weiler (New York University).

This book outlines a new strategy that applies the organizing principles of progressive internationalism-national strength, free enterprise, liberal democracy, U.S. leadership for collective security-to the new challenge of defeating Islamist extremism. That plan, as set forth in detail in this book, revolves around five progressive imperatives for national security: * First, we must marshal all of America's manifold strengths, starting with our military power but going well beyond it, for the struggle ahead. * Second, we must rebuild America's alliances, because democratic solidarity is one of our greatest strategic assets. * Third, we must champion liberal democracy in deed, not just in rhetoric, because a freer world is a safer world. * Fourth, we must renew U.S. leadership in the international economy and rise to the challenge of global competition. * Fifth, we must summon from the American people a new spirit of national unity and service. In sum, the progressive strategy detailed in this book takes advantage of all of our country's strengths, not just the big stick of military power. It seeks to unite, not polarize and divide, our people. It links the defense of liberty abroad with a new determination to press progressive reforms at home. It calls on all Americans-not just our men and women in uniform-to share the burden of prevailing in what is likely to be a long, arduous and costly struggle. Published in cooperation with the Progressive Policy Institute

From two of the world’s foremost experts on the new terrorism comes the definitive book on the rise of al-Qaeda and America’s efforts to combat the most innovative and dangerous terrorist group ever. Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon trace the growth of radical Islam from its medieval origins and, drawing on their years of counter-terrorism work at the National Security Council, provide essential insights into the thinking of Usama bin Laden and his followers. With unique authority, they analyze why America was unable to defend itself against this revolutionary threat on September 11, 2001, why bin Laden’s apocalyptic creed is gaining ground in the Islamic world, and what the United States must do to stop the new terror.