This book analyzes in four parts constitutional problems of foreign trade policy and foreign trade law in "constitutional democracies" which protect fundamental human rights and effective political equality through constitutional restraints on the exercise of all government powers.

When first published in 1997, Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use by renowned economic and engineering experts Ernst von Weizsacker, Amory Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins, transformed how economists, policy makers, engineers, entrepreneurs and business leaders thought about innovation and wealth creation. Through examples from a wide range of industrial sectors, the authors demonstrated how technical innovation could cut resource use in half while doubling wealth. Now twelve years on, with climate change at the top of the world agenda and the new economic giants of China and India needing ever more resources, there is a unique historic opportunity to scale up resources productivity and radically transform the global economy. And Factor Five is the book set to change all of this. Picking up where Factor Four left off, this new book examines the past 15 years of innovation in industry, technical innovation and policy. It shows how and where factor four gains have been made and how we can achieve greater factor five or 80%+ improvements in resource and energy productivity and how to roll them out on a global scale to retool our economic system, massively boost wealth for billions of people around the world and help solve the climate change crises. Spanning dozens of countries including China and India and examining innumerable cases of innovation in design, technology and policy, the authors leave no engineering and economic stone unturned in their quest for excellence. The book tackles sustainable development and climate change by providing in depth Factor 5 resource productivity studies of the following sectors: Buildings, Industry, Agriculture, Food and Hospitality, and Transportation. In its systematic approach to demonstrating how Factor 5 can be achieved, the book also provides an overview of energy/water nexus and energy/materials nexus efficiency opportunities across these sectors. Given that these sectors are responsible for virtually all energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions globally, this book is designed to guide everyone from individual households, businesses, industry sector groups to national governments in their efforts to achieve the IPCC recommended target of 80 per cent reductions to greenhouse gas emissions. It also looks at innovation in regulation to increase resource productivity, pricing, carbon trading, eco-taxation and permits and the role of international institutions and trade. The authors also explain exciting new concepts such as bio-mimicry and whole system design, as hallmarks for a new generation of technologies. The last part of the book explores transformative ideas such as a long term trajectory of gently rising energy and resource prices, and new concepts of well-being in a more equitable world. Like its predecessor this book is simply the most important work on the future of innovation, business, economics and policy and is top drawer reading for leaders across all sectors including business and industry, government, engineering and design and teaching. This book is full colour throughout. Published with The Natural Edge Project

Business-as-usual, it is widely accepted, will exceed the Earth's carrying capacity in an alarmingly short space of time. In simple terms, we need to learn to use the world's rapidly depleting resources in a significantly more efficient manner. Practical and readily adopted solutions are needed now. Eco-efficiency-or "produce more with less" - is achieved when goods and services satisfy human needs, increase the quality of life at competitive prices and when environmental impacts and resource intensity are decreased to a degree that keeps them within the limits of Earth's expected carrying capacity. Eco-efficiency - a term first proposed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 1992 - is a management approach that allows businesses to carry out environmental protection measures from a market-oriented point of view, with the aim of illustrating that ecology and the economy do not need to be a contradiction. Indeed, eco-efficiency has been portrayed as a win-win-for both business and the environment. This book, which developed out of two conferences on eco-efficiency held in Dusseldorf in 1998 and 2001, is edited by Ernst Ulrich von Weizsacker and his team from the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, one of the world's leading research programmes on resource productivity. The aim is not simply to explain the past and present of eco-efficiency but to look forward to and encourage a future where the comprehensive take-up of the concept by business, government and consumers could lead to innovation on a grand scale and the possibility of a giant leap beyond towards overall sustainability. There have been considerable achievements to date. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index, which aims to list the most sustainable corporations for investors, includes companies such as BASF, Climatex, Henkel and Matushita/Panasonic (all represented in this book), who are implementing eco-efficiency measures. A number of political initiatives have also been formed. In December 2001, the German government suggested a National Sustainability Strategy to measure Germany's sustainable development. While this not yet an accepted political target or even law, it shows that politics is moving toward binding targets for increasing efficiency. Eco-Efficiency and Beyond collects together the leading thinkers on the topic and aims to illustrate not only that the concept should be part of every business strategy but that it is a key trigger for innovation. Innovation cuts through paradoxes. It is the creation of solutions to conflicting demands. Flying in a vacuum gave us rockets and satellites; switching electrons through insulators gave us Silicon Valley and the digital age. Sustainable development presents a similar field of paradoxical innovation forces: i.e. provide affordable products and services for the growing unmet needs of the world population while reducing environmental impacts. This book is the definitive collection on eco-efficiency and will be required reading for business, government, NGOs and academicians.

Das Buch wendet sich an Ingenieure in der Ausbildung und in der Praxis. Es vermittelt das aktuelle Ingenieurwissen zur akustischen und schwingungstechnischen Gestaltung von Kraftfahrzeugen. Dazu werden neben den physikalischen Grundlagen die relevanten akustischen und schwingungstechnischen Phänomene im Kraftfahrzeug, die fahrzeugtechnische Konzeption und Auslegung sowie die einschlägigen Berechnungs- und Versuchsmethoden behandelt.Neubearbeitet wurden Abschnitte zu Schwingungen beim Start-Stopp-Verhalten, zum Verbrennungsgeräusch und im Kapitel Luftschall der neue Abschnitt Elementare Schallfelder.

Driven by ideology, the IMF, the World Bank and powerful business interests, governments all over the world have been privatizing services in a growing number of sectors. Not just industrial utilities like energy, water and transport, but health, education, media, communications, pensions, even prisons and defence. But what have been the results? Have private funds and management produced greater efficiency, better economic performance and higher levels of service everywhere? This book is the first thorough audit of privatizations around the world. It shows how and where they have worked well, and where they have defeated their own aims - with serious impacts on public health, environmental sustainability, democratic accountability and the level of public service. It analyses the factors behind success or failure to establish criteria for future sell-offs, and argues for the fundamental importance of democratic governance of the privatization of publicly owned goods. The result is a book of major importance, challenging one of the orthodoxies of our day - a benchmark for future debate.

When first published in 1997, Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use by renowned economic and engineering experts Ernst von Weizsacker, Amory Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins, transformed how economists, policy makers, engineers, entrepreneurs and business leaders thought about innovation and wealth creation. Through examples from a wide range of industrial sectors, the authors demonstrated how technical innovation could cut resource use in half while doubling wealth. Now twelve years on, with climate change at the top of the world agenda and the new economic giants of China and India needing ever more resources, there is a unique historic opportunity to scale up resources productivity and radically transform the global economy. And Factor Five is the book set to change all of this. Picking up where Factor Four left off, this new book examines the past 15 years of innovation in industry, technical innovation and policy. It shows how and where factor four gains have been made and how we can achieve greater factor five or 80%+ improvements in resource and energy productivity and how to roll them out on a global scale to retool our economic system, massively boost wealth for billions of people around the world and help solve the climate change crises. Spanning dozens of countries including China and India and examining innumerable cases of innovation in design, technology and policy, the authors leave no engineering and economic stone unturned in their quest for excellence. The book tackles sustainable development and climate change by providing in depth Factor 5 resource productivity studies of the following sectors: Buildings, Industry, Agriculture, Food and Hospitality, and Transportation. In its systematic approach to demonstrating how Factor 5 can be achieved, the book also provides an overview of energy/water nexus and energy/materials nexus efficiency opportunities across these sectors. Given that these sectors are responsible for virtually all energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions globally, this book is designed to guide everyone from individual households, businesses, industry sector groups to national governments in their efforts to achieve the IPCC recommended target of 80 per cent reductions to greenhouse gas emissions. It also looks at innovation in regulation to increase resource productivity, pricing, carbon trading, eco-taxation and permits and the role of international institutions and trade. The authors also explain exciting new concepts such as bio-mimicry and whole system design, as hallmarks for a new generation of technologies. The last part of the book explores transformative ideas such as a long term trajectory of gently rising energy and resource prices, and new concepts of well-being in a more equitable world. Like its predecessor this book is simply the most important work on the future of innovation, business, economics and policy and is top drawer reading for leaders across all sectors including business and industry, government, engineering and design and teaching. This book is full colour throughout. Published with The Natural Edge Project

Sustainability cannot be achieved without good governance. The Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 stated that governance and sustainable development are intimately tied together and the future role and architecture of institutions, from local to international levels, will be crucial determinants to whether future policies and programmes for sustainable development will succeed. But these are changing times. With growing tensions over both globalization and regionalization, traditional systems of regulation are being subjected to growing pressure for reform. While states will continue to play a significant, if changed, role in the future, the importance of players from business and civil society is increasing. Sustainable development requires this change. Such an intra- and intergenerational concept cannot be achieved with a top-down approach, but rather needs the participation of all. In fact, the governance of sustainable development requires the exploration of new forms of both social co-operation and confrontation. By doing so, the different levels (global and local), players (state, company and civil society), control structures (hierarchy, market and public-private) and fields of action need to be taken into consideration.Governance and Sustainability examines the possibilities of integrating the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development within the framework of governance processes and how that might steer societies towards sustainability. It takes a close look at the key actors, their agendas and methods, forms of organization, problems and limits, as well as real-life examples for governance in different areas of society at the regional, national and international level. It is especially interested in exploring the nature of changes in the context of governance; the role of actors in such processes; and analysing how different forms of societal learning can improve governance processes. It concludes that this is a continuous process, characterized by conflicts and learning processes necessary to heighten both awareness of the complexity of the social and environmental problems faced and the prospects of implementing successful solutions. Based on a major conference hosted to assess the issue of governance post-Johannesburg, the book includes innovative insights from some of the leading thinkers in both sustainable development and governance from academia, business, multilateral organizations and NGOs. It provides a unique perspective on two of the key societal problems facing the world today.

This book analyzes in four parts constitutional problems of foreign trade policy and foreign trade law in "constitutional democracies" which protect fundamental human rights and effective political equality through constitutional restraints on the exercise of all government powers.

On the occasion of the 75th birthday of Ernst Ulrich von Weizsacker this unique anthology presents thought-provoking texts from 1970 to 2013, spanning several disciplines and combining science and practice. Among them are three Reports to the Club of Rome that Weizsacker lead-authored, a new university curriculum system to promote interdisciplinary studies and a proposal for a five-fold increase in resource productivity, which would make it possible to shut down nuclear and fossil power plants, avoiding dangerous climate change impacts. Weizsacker is Co-President of the Club of Rome and Co-Chair of UNEP s Resource Panel. He has served as a Professor of Biology, President of Kassel Univ., Director of the UN Centre for Science and Technology and of the Institute for European Environment Policy, President of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, as a Member of the Bundestag, as Chair of its Environment Committee and as Dean of the Bren School for Environmental Science and Management, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, USA."

A guide to collaborative impact for leaders in industry, government, and social change networks Our world is facing unsustainable global trends-from climate change and water scarcity to energy insecurity, unfair labor practices, and growing inequality. Tackling these crises effectively requires a new form of leadership-a collective one. But, in a world of many silos, how do we get people to work together toward a common goal? That is one of the most important questions facing sustainability and social-change professionals around the world, and it is a question that Petra Kuenkel answers in The Art of Leading Collectively. Readers learn how to tackle system change for sustainable development, reimagine leadership as a collaborative endeavor, retrain leaders to work collectively, and manage diverse groups through a change process that has sustainability as a guiding focus. Drawing upon two decades of pioneering, internationally recognized work orchestrating multi-stakeholder initiatives, Kuenkel presents her chief tool, the Collective Leadership Compass, and shows others how to use it with large groups of diverse stakeholders to solve complex, urgent problems-particularly those that enmesh business activities, governance, human needs, and environmental impacts. The book offers many examples of collective leadership efforts involving corporate, public, and nonprofit sectors around the world. Readers learn about the processes that led to a sustainable textile alliance and set standards for sustainable cocoa and coffee production and trade, as well as those that helped nations rebound from war, develop sustainable infrastructure, and tackle resource conflicts with global businesses, to name a few. Kuenkel provides a clear roadmap for leaders from multinational companies involved in partnerships, international organizations engaged in cooperative development, public agencies, and interest groups-as well as for citizens seeking solutions to social and sustainability challenge

Dieses Lehrbuch fuhrt systematisch in das breite Spektrum von Geschichte, Strukturen, Problemlagen und Loesungswegen der Sozialpolitik ein. Es zeigt die europaischen sowie die daruberhinausgehenden internationalen Zusammenhange von Sozialpolitik in Deutschland auf und ordnet alles in eine Theorie des Sozialstaates ein. Die Autoren liefern einen umfassenden UEberblick uber die Ausgestaltung von und die Handlungsanforderungen an Sozialpolitik in Deutschland. Ausgehend von einer theoretischen wie historischen Ableitung von Sozialstaatlichkeit werden gegensatzliche sozialpolitische Standpunkte und Konzepte anhand aktueller sozialer Problemlagen und sozialpolitischer Instrumente diskutiert. Die funfte Auflage wurde grundlegend uberarbeitet und aktualisiert.

This is the first legal monograph analysing multilevel governance of global 'aggregate public goods' (PGs) from the perspective of democractic, republican and cosmopolitan constitutionalism by using historical, legal, political and economic methods. It explains the need for a 'new philosophy of international law' in order to protect human rights and PGs more effectively and more legitimately. 'Constitutional approaches' are justified by the universal recognition of human rights and by the need to protect 'human rights', 'rule of law', 'democracy' and other 'principles of justice' that are used in national, regional and UN legal systems as indeterminate legal concepts. The study describes and criticizes the legal methodology problems of 'disconnected' governance in UN, GATT and WTO institutions as well as in certain areas of the external relations of the EU (like transatlantic free trade agreements). Based on 40 years of practical experiences of the author in German, European, UN, GATT and WTO governance institutions and of simultaneous academic teaching, this study develops five propositions for constituting, limiting, regulating and justifying multilevel governance for the benefit of citizens and their constitutional rights as 'constituent powers', 'democratic principals' and main 'republican actors', who must hold multilevel governance institutions and their limited 'constituted powers' legally, democratically and judicially more accountable.

Der Band beschreibt Europa historisch und systematisch als Sozial- und Wirtschaftsraum. Er entfaltet die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Ost und West und fragt nach Zukunftsperspektiven und politischen Anforderungen fur ein gemeinsames soziales Europa.

zur 3., voellig uberarbeiteten Auflage 1981 Das Skriptum "Einfuhrung in die Warmeubertragung" ist aus dem fruheren Skriptum "Einfuhrung in die Warme- und Stoffubertragung", 2. Auflage 1975, entstanden. Es ist ebenso wie das fruhere Skriptum dem Umfang nach fur eine Vorlesung von vier Semesterwochenstunden konzipiert, wobei in dieser Zeit die UEbungsstunden enthalten sind. Indessen wurde die "Stoffubertragung" vollstandig herausgenommen, da sich gezeigt hat, dass hierfur eine eigene Vorlesung notwendig ist. Anstelle dessen wurde in erheblichem Umfang die Theorie der Warmeapparate auf elementarer Basis aufgenommen. Sie lehrt, wozu die Lehre von der Warmeubertragung in der Praxis benoetigt wird. Ausserdem ist ein Kapitel den physikalischen Grundvorgangen der Warmeubertragung gewidmet. Sie liefern die Begrundung der in der Praxis benutzten phanomenologischen Gesetze und zeigen vor allem die Grenzen ihrer Anwendbarkeit. Der Rest der Vorlesung, d.s. etwa 50%, ist dann den klassischen Standardfallen der Warmeubertragung gewidmet. UEbungsaufgaben mit Loesungsblattern beschliessen den Text. Die Vorlesung "Einfuhrung in die Warmeubertragung" verfolgt zwei Ziele. Einmal soll sie demjenigen, der im Rahmen seines Studiums nur diese eine Vorlesung uber dieses Fachgebiet hoert, ein soweit abgeschlossenes Wissen vermitteln, dass er damit einfache praktische Probleme loesen kann. Zum anderen soll aus der Vorlesung verstandlich werden, wie man von einer bestimmten Fragestellung zu einer bestimmten Loesung kommt. Die erste Forderung verlangt Vollstandigkeit, die zweite Ausfuhrlichkeit. Beide Forderungen sind in Anbetracht der begrenzten Vorlesungszeit nicht in vollem Umfang zu erfullen.

Die klassischen thermischen Trennverfahren sind Bestandteil sehr vieler Produktionsverfahren, und damit gehAren sie natA1/4rlich auch zum Stoffumfang eines Chemieingenieur- oder Verfahresntechnik-Studiums. In diesem Lehrbuch werden die physikalischen Grundlagen, die praktische Anwendung und die apparative Auslegung der drei thermodynamisch kontrollierten Verfahren Destillation, Absorption und Extraktion praxisnah und detailliert beschrieben. Zu allen Themen werden anschauliche Beispielaufgaben durchgerechnet und viele Schemata und Diagramme angeboten, so daA sich dieses Buch nicht nur zur Vorlesungsbegleitung, sondern auch zum Selbststudium eignet. Drei weitere wichtige thermische Trennverfahren werden in dem Lehrbuch von Gnielinski, Mersmann und Thurner "Verdampfung, Kristallisation, Trocknung" vorgestellt.

Im Rahmen des 3. Armutsprogramms hat die Genemidirektion V "Beschaftigung, Arbeitsbeziehungen und soziale Angelegenhei ten" der Kommission der Europaischen Gemeinschaft u.a. soge nannte, Beobachtungsstellen" (Observatories) eingerichtet, die uber soziale Entwicklungen und die nationalen Politiken innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten der EG berichtet haben, so auch ein "Observ atory on National Policies to Combat Social Exclusion." Mit der Entscheidung des zustandigen Ministerrates der EU, vorerst kein Fortsetzungsprogramm zu, Armut 3" zu starten, ist auch die Ar beit dieser Observatorien eingestellt worden. Bei allen Schwierig keiten im Detail gelang es in diesen Stellen, Expertenwissen von den damaligen 12 Mitgliedstaaten zusammenzutragen. Ein Teil der jeweiligen nationalen Berichte ist von den Observatorien bzw. deren Koordinatoren ausgewertet und zusammengefasst worden, gleichwohl sind deren Erkenntnisse insgesamt relativ wenig in die nationale Armutsdiskussion wie in die Diskussion der jeweiligen nationalen Politik gegen Armut einbezogen worden. Dies hat u. a. an deren Publikation in englischer und franzosischer Sprache ge-."

Mit der fortschreitenden Entwicklung auf allen technischen Gebieten erhoehen sich in gleichem MaBe die Anforderungen an die Wcrkzeugmaschinen. Sowohl eine bessere MaB-, Form- und Oberflachengenauigkeit der gefertigten Werk- stucke, wie auch groeBere Zerspanungsleistungen, die auf Grund neuartiger Schneidstoffe moeglich geworden sind, und damit ei ne volle Ausnutzung der installierten Motorleistung werden von den Werkzeugmaschinen gefordert. Die Arbeitsgenauigkeit einer Werkzeugmaschine hangt in starkern MaBe davon ab, inwieweit die fur eine fehlerfreie Herstellung geforderte Relativbewegung zwischen Werkstuck und Werkzeug eingehalten wird. Die Abweichungen von dem geforderten Bewegungsablauf werden durch geometrische Abweichungen z. B. in den Fuhrungen und auch durch Verformungen infolge statischer und dynamischer Krafte beeinfluBt. Die geometrischen Abweichungen sind einfach zu ubersehen, relativ leicht zu messen und in den Abnahmevorschriften, die SCHLESINGER [1] fur die verschie- denen Maschinengattungcn aufstellte, klar eingegrenzt. Demgegenuber stellt die Ermittlung des Verhaltens einer Maschine gegenuber statischen und dynamischen Kraften ein sehr komplexes Problem dar. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Werkzeugmaschinen kleiner und mittlerer Bauart haben vielfach zu konstruktiven AEnderungen gefuhrt, die eine Ver- besserung der Maschinen hinsichtlich ihrer statischen und dynamischen Eigen- schaften zur Folge hatten. Dagegen beschrankte man sich bei Schwerwerkzeug- maschinen bisher wegen des mit den Messungen verbundenen Aufwandes meist auf Untersuchungen an maBstablich verkleinerten Modellen. Ein wesentliches Problem solcher Modellversuche liegt darin, daB die UEbertragbarkeit der am Modell gewonnenen Ergebnisse auf die Hauptausfuhrung vom Grad der AEhn- lichkeit zwischen den beiden Systemen abhangt.

This is the first legal monograph analysing multilevel governance of global 'aggregate public goods' (PGs) from the perspective of democractic, republican and cosmopolitan constitutionalism by using historical, legal, political and economic methods. It explains the need for a 'new philosophy of international law' in order to protect human rights and PGs more effectively and more legitimately. 'Constitutional approaches' are justified by the universal recognition of human rights and by the need to protect 'human rights', 'rule of law', 'democracy' and other 'principles of justice' that are used in national, regional and UN legal systems as indeterminate legal concepts. The study describes and criticizes the legal methodology problems of 'disconnected' governance in UN, GATT and WTO institutions as well as in certain areas of the external relations of the EU (like transatlantic free trade agreements). Based on 40 years of practical experiences of the author in German, European, UN, GATT and WTO governance institutions and of simultaneous academic teaching, this study develops five propositions for constituting, limiting, regulating and justifying multilevel governance for the benefit of citizens and their constitutional rights as 'constituent powers', 'democratic principals' and main 'republican actors', who must hold multilevel governance institutions and their limited 'constituted powers' legally, democratically and judicially more accountable.