The interest in polymer composites study is due to an even greater degree of their application. The filling by hard disperse particulates or fibres gives to polymers a desirable properties number: increases stiffness, reduces thermal expansion coefficient, rises resistance to yield and fracture toughness and so on. Difficulties in research of structure-properties relationships for polymer composites are due to their structure complexity. So, on the elasticity modulus value besides composition a polymer-filler interaction influences. In other words, it is clear even intuitively that for the complete description of such structurally-complex objects as polymer composites it is necessary to account for three groups of factors, namely, polymeric matrix structure, filler structure and level of interaction between them. Up to now the researches of such kind were carried out within the frameworks of continuous mechanics and thermodynamic conceptions. However, these conceptions application does not allow to describe satisfactorily and all the more to predict such materials properties. As a matter of fact, an experimental data set dictates the choice of either structure physical model for macroscopic properties description.

This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram, juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some biological composite materials; properties and applications of aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.

This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents current research in the fields of biochemistry and biotechnology. Topics discussed include information about the production of thermostable DNA polymerase suitable for whole-blood polymerase chain reaction; isolation, purification and some properties of L-Lysine a-Oxidase from 'Trichoderm' sp. 6; production of nitric oxide by endothelial cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1; optimisation of the process of cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli TBI protein producing strain; development of HRP-functionalised carbon-coated iron nanoparticales using arenediazonium tosilates; experimental approach to the induction of nonculturable state of Lactococcus lactis; and, callus culture technology of spring soft wheat stress tolerant varieties.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This new book examines the chemistry and physical properties of polymers and composites within the framework of chemical kinetics, chemical physics and quantum calculations. Such an approach allows for quantitative estimation and physical treatment of oligomers, polymers and composites on the basis of polymers and filled polymers. In addition, information about calculations of bond energy in cluster aqueous nanostructures, mathematical modeling dependence of thermodynamic characteristics upon spatial-energy parameter of free atoms, exchange spatial-energy interactions and cyclohexane oxidation activated by glyoxal are a few of the topics discussed in this book.

Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in the development of technology. This book offers an overview of structure--property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes. The collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of recent advances in nanotechnology with a broad perspective which will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers.

This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram, juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some biological composite materials; properties and applications of aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.

This book focuses on biotechnology is a collection of technologies that capitalise on the attributes of cells and biological molecules. Biotechnology will help improve the ability to customise therapies based on individual genomics; prevent, diagnose, and treat all types of diseases rather than rely on rescue therapy and provide breakthroughs in agricultural production and food safety.

This volume has the title CHEMISTRY AS MUSIC because both chemistry and music can be good or bad, joyful or sorrowful, fast and slow. Not everybody can play as well as Nikolo Paganini, Ferenz List, or Sergei Rakhmaninov, and similarly, not everyone can accomplish complicated organic and inorganic syntheses. In both fields, golden hands are needed (preferably combined with a brilliant mind).The editors of this new book have tried to include in this volume papers on organic synthesis, biochemical physics, chemical kinetics, physical chemistry, and chemical physics. It is the fastest-evolving science today, on the cutting edge of modern technology. The authors of the papers are some of the leading researchers in their fields from the best research centres of their countries: representatives of pure and applied chemistry.

Book & CD. This book aims to present the progress in the science of polymers and monomer, synthesis, study of properties and application of polymers, polymer mixtures, composites and filled polymers. The book collects original articles and reviews important for both pure and applied chemistry. The application of polymers in medicine, composites and nanocomposites, reduction of polymer material combustibility, kinetics and the mechanism of various reactions are of special attention. Both synthetic and natural polymers are discussed. Some part of the collection, related to chemistry and physics of polymers, is devoted to oligomers and low-molecular compounds. This book brings together new and exciting research in this field.

Biocatalytic Technology & Nanotechnology

Scientists from the former Soviet Union share the results of their investigations into the phenomena and processes of chemical physics at the quantitative level. Topics of the 20 papers include the polymerization of fluoro(meth)acrylates used in fiber optics, the structural aspects of adhesion in particulate-filled polymer composites, the fractal analysis of macromolecules, and the theoretical prognostication of the modulus of deformation hardening in the context of the cluster model.

Low Flammability Polymeric Materials

This book includes the latest information in the field of organic chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, material science (synthesis, properties, applications) and renewable resources. This book discusses the modification of chitosan films as a way of regulating their transport properties, ozone and its reactions with diene rubbers, antiradical activity of different antioxidants depending on pH and polarity of model system detected by a photochemilumin scence method, the interlayer spacing and elasticity modulus interconnection for nanocomposites polymer/organoclay.

This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents and discusses current research in the study of renewable resources and biotechnology for material applications. Topics discussed include the potential of sorghum varieties as a bioenergy crop; enzyme modified grain by-product reinforced polypropylene composites; biomass as combustion fuel; efficiency of hemp essentials oil depending inflorescence harvest and the new biostymulator for increasing crops resistance to drought stress.

This book provides a pointed introduction to the fascinating subject of bottom-up nanotechnology with emphasis on the polymer-based nanostructured systems. This book will be of particular interest to graduate students and even ambitious undergraduates in engineering and science, as well as those students who already have some familiarity with nanofibers and nanochemistry. It is also suitable for experts in related fields who require an overview of the fundamental topics in nanotechnology.

Electrospinning was developed from electrostatic spraying and now represents an attractive approach for polymer biomaterials processing, with the opportunity for control over morphology, porosity and composition using simple equipment. Since electrospinning is one of the few techniques to prepare long fibres of nano- to micrometre diameter, great progress has been made in recent years. This book presents and discusses research in the study of electrospinning and nanofibers.

The research and development of nanofibers has gained much prominence in recent years due to the heightened awareness of its potential applications in the medical, engineering and defence fields. Among the most successful methods for producing nanofibers is the electrospinning process. Electrospinning introduces a new level of versatility and broader range of materials into the micro/nanofiber range. This important book reviews its impact in developing a new generation of textile fibres with enhanced functionality and a wide range of applications. The book reviews nanofibre production, discussing how different fibre types can be produced using electrospinning techniques to improve polymer properties and to modify textile surfaces.

With the enormous increase of research interest in electrospun nanofibres, there is a strong need for a comprehensive review of electrospinning in a systematic fashion. Electrospinning, an electrostatic fibre fabrication technique, has evinced more interest and attention in recent years due to its versatility and potential for applications in diverse fields. The notable applications include tissue engineering, biosensors, filtration, wound dressings, drug delivery and enzyme immobilisation. This book offers an overview of structure -- property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibers.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.