Political ethics is about how to act in response to the political-ethical challenges that confront us in everyday life. This book argues that the experience of living in illiberal regimes calls for the rethinking of common ways of understanding political ethics. It offers a Williamsian liberal-realist framework to explain how we should make sense of political ethics by focusing on the variety of normative contexts that shape political agency. It also demonstrates the usefulness of this framework by exploring the intricacies of dealing with the conflicting demands of various political offices in illiberal regimes. These demands spring from the specific constitutional purpose of these offices, the linkage of the office-holder qua office-holder with a great variety of people as well as from the constraints of the office-holder's personal integrity. -- .

This book discusses the payout phase of the old-age pension saving scheme, the so-called effective premium, and offers detailed actuarial models and analyses of five old-age pension saving products used in practice. These include the basic permanent monthly annuity, without any benefits for survivors, as well as products which, in addition, also include benefits for survivors or authorized persons in the event of the pensioner's death. The purpose of the book is to point out the method of determining future old-age pensions from old-age pension savings, and to present the advantages and disadvantages of such a pension. The book also emphasizes the role of the profitability testing of the products and answers questions concerning the effectiveness of old-age pension savings and insurance. The book is primarily intended for students of actuarial and financial mathematics and future economists.