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The frontiers of the Roman empire together form the largest
monument of one of the world's greatest states. They stretch for
some 7,500km through 20 countries which encircle the Mediterranean
Sea. The remains of these frontiers have been studied by visitors
and later by archaeologists for several centuries. Many of the
inscriptions and sculpture, weapons, pottery and artefacts created
and used by the soldiers and civilians who lived on the frontier
can be seen in museums. Equally evocative of the lost might of Rome
are the physical remains of the frontiers themselves. The aim of
this series of books is not only to inform the interested visitor
about the history of the frontiers but to act as a guidebook as
well. The province of Dacia had a relatively short life being
abandoned due to economic and strategic reasons in the 260s. It was
heavily militarized and therefore the role of the army was crucial
in Its development and life. The Roman frontier In Dacia combined
several elements, each relating to the landscape: there were
riverain and mountain borders, some supplemented by linear
barriers, and all connected by roads. Everywhere, the complex
system of the border consisted primarily of a network of
watchtowers, smaller or larger forts and artificial earthen
ramparts or stone walls.
All the sources categories, epigraphy, literature and archaeology,
together with the contributions of contemporary scientific methods
form a solid foundation for the purpose of this paper: the study of
the military hierarchy in Dacia. The most complex aspect is by far
the hierarchy of soldiers. Epigraphic sources provide a rich source
of data for Dacia but a less documented aspect is that of
promotions and careers. Thus, the understanding of military
hierarchy across the Empire is very valuable. Following the obvious
hypothesis, that one cannot understand the history of Roman Dacia,
unless in the wider context of the Roman Empire, the author
attempts to decrypt the multitude of ranks and functions in the
career of the solider. Thus, the research has moved from general to
particular, starting from literary sources and contemporary
monographic studies and reaching the individual epigraphic sources
and studies concerned with a certain category of officers or a
particular phenomenon found in an inscription. It was necessary to
study each category of Roman units because the connections between
them are very strong, especially as far as it involves soldiers,
personnel and officers as elements of the whole functional entity
in the Mediterranean space. For the purpose of systematization, the
author chose the classification proposed by Domaszewski, more than
100 years ago, dividing the military ranks into several categories:
soldier ranks - immunes and principales, centurions and primipili.
In 2016, in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, some forty scholars from around
the world attended the People of the Ancient World conference. This
was organized within the framework of the Romans 1 by 1 project,
and its main focus was on improving knowledge on ancient
populations, employing a variety of methodologies, tools and
research techniques. The presentations provided the editors with
ten papers to be further developed and reunited under these covers.
They encompass diverse approaches to Roman provincial populations
and the corresponding case-studies highlight the multi-faceted
character of Roman society. The volume takes four main directions:
prosopography (from Italy to Spain); ancient professions and
professionals (merchants in Noricum, Lower Moesia, general
nomenclature and encoding of professions, associations and family
life); onomastics and origins, and finally, the military
(iconography of funerary monunments and centurions' social life).
The publication is intended, on one hand, to enhance knowledge of
the diversity of Roman social standings, of the exhibited social
markers and - perhaps most important - stress the variety of forms
which express status and place within the community, and on the
other, to reiterate a series of fresh, modern views on these
matters, resulting from a gathering of mostly junior researchers.
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