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Colonized Bodies, Worlds Transformed represents a new generation of
contact and colonialism studies, expanding upon a traditional focus
on the health of conquered peoples toward how extraordinary
biological and political transformations are incorporated into the
human body, reflecting behavior, identity, and adaptation. These
globally diverse case studies demonstrate that the effects of
conquest reach farther than was ever thought before-to both the
colonized and the colonizers. Cultural exchange occurred between
both groups, transforming social identities, foodways, and social
structures at points of contact and beyond. Contributors to this
volume analyze skeletal remains and burial patterns from
never-before-studied regions in the Americas to the Middle East,
Africa, and Europe, resulting in a new synthesis of historical
archaeology and bioarchaeology.
Provides data and information that can be used for comparative
analysis and as a foundation for further exploration. Inviting
research from various geographic, cultural, and temporal locales
from around the globe, the editors present a complex snapshot of
the past."-Anne L. Grauer, editor of A Companion to Paleopathology
Drawing upon wide-ranging studies of prehistoric human remains from
Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and the Americas, this
groundbreaking volume unites physical anthropologists,
archaeologists, and economists to explore how social structure can
be reflected in the human skeleton. Contributors identify many ways
in which social, political, and economic inequality have affected
health, disease, metabolic insufficiency, growth, and well-being.
The volume makes a strong case for a broader integration of
bioarchaeology with mortuary archaeology as its distinctive
approaches offer new ways to look at power, resources, social
organization, and the shape of human lives over time and across
cultures.
This book synthesizes in-depth bioarchaeological research into
diet, subsistence regimes, and nutrition-and corresponding insights
into adaptation, suffering, and resilience-among indigenous
north-coastal Peruvian communities from early agricultural through
European colonial periods. The Spanish invasion and colonization of
Andean South America left millions dead, landscapes transformed,
and traditional ways of life annihilated. However, the nature and
magnitude of these changes were far from uniform. By the time the
Spanish arrived, over four millennia of complex societies had
emerged and fallen, and in the 16th century, the region was home to
the largest and most expansive indigenous empire in the western
hemisphere. Decades of Andean archaeological and ethnohistorical
research have explored the incredible sophistication of regional
agropastoral traditions, the importance of food and feasting as
mechanisms of control, and the significance of maritime economies
in the consolidation of complex polities. Bioarchaeology is
particularly useful in studying these processes. Beyond identifying
what resources were available and how they were prepared,
bioarchaeological methods provide unique opportunities and
humanized perspectives to reconstruct what individuals actually
ate, and whether their diets changed within their own lifespans.
This book synthesizes in-depth bioarchaeological research into
diet, subsistence regimes, and nutrition-and corresponding insights
into adaptation, suffering, and resilience-among indigenous
north-coastal Peruvian communities from early agricultural through
European colonial periods. The Spanish invasion and colonization of
Andean South America left millions dead, landscapes transformed,
and traditional ways of life annihilated. However, the nature and
magnitude of these changes were far from uniform. By the time the
Spanish arrived, over four millennia of complex societies had
emerged and fallen, and in the 16th century, the region was home to
the largest and most expansive indigenous empire in the western
hemisphere. Decades of Andean archaeological and ethnohistorical
research have explored the incredible sophistication of regional
agropastoral traditions, the importance of food and feasting as
mechanisms of control, and the significance of maritime economies
in the consolidation of complex polities. Bioarchaeology is
particularly useful in studying these processes. Beyond identifying
what resources were available and how they were prepared,
bioarchaeological methods provide unique opportunities and
humanized perspectives to reconstruct what individuals actually
ate, and whether their diets changed within their own lifespans.
European expansion into the New World fundamentally altered
Indigenous populations. The collision between East and West led to
the most recent human adaptive transition that spread around the
world. Paradoxically, these are some of the least scientifically
understood processes of the human past. Representing a new
generation of contact and colonialism studies, this volume expands
on the traditional focus on the health of conquered peoples by
considering how extraordinary biological and cultural
transformations were incorporated into the human body and reflected
in behavior, identity, and adaptation.By examining changes in diet,
mortuary practices, and diseases, these globally diverse case
studies demonstrate that the effects of conquest reach further than
was ever thought before-to both the colonized and the colonizers.
People on all sides of colonial contact became entangled in
cultural and biological transformations of social identities,
foodways, social structures, and gene pools at points of contact
and beyond. Contributors to this volume illustrate previously
unknown and variable effects of colonialism by analyzing skeletal
remains and burial patterns from never-before-studied regions in
the Americas to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The result is
the first step toward a new synthesis of archaeology and
bioarchaeology. Contributors: Rosabella Alvarez-Calderon, Elliot H.
Blair, Maria Fernanda Boza, Michele R. Buzon, Romina Casali, Mark
N. Cohen, Danielle N. Cook, Marie Elaine Danforth, J. Lynn
Funkhouser, Catherine Gaither, Pamela Garcia Laborde| Ricardo A.
Guichon, Rocio Guichon Fernandez, Heather Guzik, Amanda R. Harvey,
Barbara T. Hester, Dale L. Hutchinson, Kristina Killgrove | Haagen
D. Klaus | Clark Spencer Larsen | Alan G. Morris | Melissa S.
Murphy, Alejandra Ortiz, Megan A. Perry, Emily S. Renschler,
Isabelle Ribot, Melisa A. Salerno, Matthew C. Sanger, Paul W.
Sciulli, Stuart Tyson Smith, Christopher M. Stojanowski, David
Hurst Thomas, Victor D. Thompson, Vera Tiesler, Jason Toohey,
Lauren A. Winkler, Pilar Zabala
Traditions of sacrifice exist in almost every human culture and
often embody a society’s most meaningful religious and symbolic
acts. Ritual violence was particularly varied and enduring in the
prehistoric South American Andes, where human lives, animals, and
material objects were sacrificed in secular rites or as offerings
to the divine. Spectacular discoveries of sacrificial sites
containing the victims of violent rituals have drawn
ever-increasing attention to ritual sacrifice within Andean
archaeology. Responding to this interest, this volume provides the
first regional overview of ritual killing on the pre-Hispanic north
coast of Peru, where distinct forms and diverse trajectories of
ritual violence developed during the final 1,800 years of
prehistory. Presenting original research that blends empirical
approaches, iconographic interpretations, and contextual analyses,
the contributors address four linked themes—the historical
development and regional variation of north coast sacrifice from
the early first millennium AD to the European conquest; a continuum
of ritual violence that spans people, animals, and objects; the
broader ritual world of sacrifice, including rites both before and
after violent offering; and the use of diverse scientific tools,
archaeological information, and theoretical interpretations to
study sacrifice. This research proposes a wide range of new
questions that will shape the research agenda in the coming
decades, while fostering a nuanced, scientific, and humanized
approach to the archaeology of ritual violence that is applicable
to archaeological contexts around the world.
Traditions of sacrifice exist in almost every human culture and
often embody a society's most meaningful religious and symbolic
acts. Ritual violence was particularly varied and enduring in the
prehistoric South American Andes, where human lives, animals, and
material objects were sacrificed in secular rites or as offerings
to the divine. Spectacular discoveries of sacrificial sites
containing the victims of violent rituals have drawn
ever-increasing attention to ritual sacrifice within Andean
archaeology. Responding to this interest, this volume provides the
first regional overview of ritual killing on the pre-Hispanic north
coast of Peru, where distinct forms and diverse trajectories of
ritual violence developed during the final 1,800 years of
prehistory. Presenting original research that blends empirical
approaches, iconographic interpretations, and contextual analyses,
the contributors address four linked themes-the historical
development and regional variation of north coast sacrifice from
the early first millennium AD to the European conquest; a continuum
of ritual violence that spans people, animals, and objects; the
broader ritual world of sacrifice, including rites both before and
after violent offering; and the use of diverse scientific tools,
archaeological information, and theoretical interpretations to
study sacrifice. This research proposes a wide range of new
questions that will shape the research agenda in the coming
decades, while fostering a nuanced, scientific, and humanized
approach to the archaeology of ritual violence that is applicable
to archaeological contexts around the world.
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