This book originates from the International Symposium on Compositionality, COMPOS'97, held in Bad Malente, Germany in September 1997. The 25 chapters presented in revised full version reflect the current state of the art in the area of compositional reasoning about concurrency. The book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in formal systems design and analysis; it also is well suited for self study and use in advanced courses.

This book, with the CD-ROM included, is the documentation of a unique collaborative effort in evaluating formal methods for usage under industrial constraints: the major techniques for formally supported specification, design, and verification of large programs and complex systems are applied to a non-trivial and non-academic problem which is typical for industrial informal requirements specifications.
The 21 papers included in the book, together with an introduction and competition report, were selected from 33 candidate solutions. This book comes with a CD-ROM containing, besides the printed papers, executable code, full definitions of all parts of the specifications, and detailed descriptions of foundational matters where appropriate.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems held jointly with the Working Group Provably Correct Systems (ProCoS) at L beck, Germany in September 1994.
The book contains full versions of 5 invited talks and 33 carefully selected refereed contributions as well as 12 tool demonstrations. It documents that formal techniques constitute the foundation of a systematic design of real-time, fault-tolerant, and hybrid systems, throughout the whole engineering process, from the capture of requirements through specification, design, coding and compilation, right down to the hardware that embeds the system into its environment.

The present volume is the third in a series of VDM Symposia Proceedings. VDM, the Vienna Development Method, is a formal method for software engineering, Z refers to Zermelo, a mathematician whose name is associated with set theory. Many computing science, programming and software engineering proceedings are published regularly. The ones by VDM Europe have the distinguished mark that they are concerned with bringing real theory to apply to real programming. In Europe, there is very much interest in methodology, semantics and techniques, that is, in understanding how we build and what it is that we are building. The papers of these proceedings basically fall into four major groups: Applications, Methodology, Formalisations, and Foundations. The Methodology group has been further subdivided into five areas: Specification Methodology, Design Methodology, Modularity, Object Orientedness, and Processes, Concurrency and Distributed Systems.

LOGLAN '88 belongs to the family of object oriented programming languages. It embraces all important known tools and characteristics of OOP, i.e. classes, objects, inheritance, coroutine sequencing, but it does not get rid of traditional imperative programming: primitive types do not need to be objects; records, static arrays, subtypes and other similar type contructs are admitted. LOGLAN has non-traditional memory model which accepts programmed deallocation but avoids dangling reference. The LOGLAN semantic model provides multi-level inheritance, which properly cooperates with module nesting. Parallelism in LOGLAN has an object oriented nature. Processes are treated like objects of classes and communication between processes is provided by alien calls similar to remote calls.

Programmiersprachen gehoren seit den Anfangen der Entwicklung des Fachgebietes Informatik zu dessen inner stem Kern. Dabei faBt der Begriff "Programmiersprachen" eine Reihe von Gegenstanden der In- formatik zusammen, die insgesamt auf das Ziel gerichtet sind, den Benutzern von Rechenanlagen die Programmierung wesentlich zu erleichtern. Unter diesen Gegenstanden finden sich vor allem: Prinzipien ftir Entwur-f und Entwicklung von Programmiersprachen, Definition von Programmiersprachen, Techniken des Ubersetzerbaus ftir Programmier- sprachen. Wurden Programmiersprachen zu Beginn der Entwicklung hauptsachlich unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Stapelbetriebes behandelt, so erlaubt seit einigen Jahren die Ausstattung groBer Rechenanlagen mit ent- sprechenden Betriebssystemen tiber Stapelbetrieb hinaus auch Dialog- betrieb. Diese Betriebsart hatte selbstverstandlich Rtickwirkungen auf die Untersuchungen tiber Programmiersprachen. Beispielsweise sind dadurch Fragen der inkrementierenden Ubersetzung wieder aktuell geworden, die schon frtiher gelegentlich behandelt wurden. In ganz nattirlicher Weise hat sich damit der Problemkreis auf Dialogbetrieb ausgedehnt, so daB der GI-FachausschuB ftir Programmiersprachen auch Dialogsprachen in die Tagungsthemen einbezogen hat. Die Aufforderung zur Einsendung von Vortragsmanuskripten zu den genannten Themen fand ein erfreulich starkes Echo. Dies war urn so ermutigender, als auch die Zahl der Teilnehmer unerwartet groB war. Die lebhaften Diskussionen zeigten ein auBerst reges Interesse an den Vortragen und den dabei angeschnittenen Fragen.