The book provides a beginners introduction to the way ultrasound acts on bubbles in a liquid to cause bubbles to collapse violently, leading to localised 'hot spots' in the liquid with temperatures of 5000 C and under pressures of several hundred atmospheres. These extreme conditions produce events such as the emission of light, sonoluminescence, with a lifetime of less than a nanosecond, and free radicals that can initiate a host of varied chemical reactions (sonochemistry) in the liquid, all at room temperature. The physics and chemistry behind the phenomena are simply but comprehensively presented. In addition, potential industrial and medical applications of acoustic cavitation and its chemical effects are described and reviewed. The book is suitable for graduate students working with ultrasound and for potential chemists and chemical engineers wanting to understand the basics of how ultrasound acts in a liquid to cause chemical and physical effects.

The book is a carefully structured beginners guide to acoustic cavitation phenomena, i.e., the formation and subsequent collapse of micro bubbles in a liquid exposed to ultrasound. Its chemical effects (sonochemistry) are caused by radicals formed inside bubbles during their collapse as a consequence of the extreme temperatures and pressures created within such bubbles. These free radicals are the basis of many chemical reactions, including, electron transfer reactions, new stable compound formation, initiation of polymerization processes, as well as oxidation reactions leading to molecular degradation. The book guides the reader from the physics of how ultrasound interacts with bubbles to applications of sonochemisty. The applications cover industrial (including food processing) and medical uses of ultrasound. It is useful for the user because it consolidates what is known how ultrasound acts on bubbles, and the chemical consequences of its exposure to a broad range of systems. As ultrasound reactors are widely used in both the laboratory and in commercial processes the book provides a useful fundamental understanding on what lies behind the application in action

Experimental methods on acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry

One can readily begin experiments in the field.

Fundamentals

One can easily understand the physics behind the phenomenon.

Examples of (possible) industrial applications in chemical engineering and environmental technologies

One can easily understand the possibilities for adopting the action of acoustic cavitation with respect to industrial applications.

Examples of (potential) medical applications

One can easily grasp the potential use of the phenomenon to medical applications.

Examples in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis

One can readily understand the many possibilities for applying cavitation chemistry in chemical synthesis.

History

One is clearly introduced to the history of the field and its novel developments."

This book offers a concise primer on energy conversion efficiency and the Shockley-Queisser limit in single p-n junction solar cells. It covers all the important fundamental physics necessary to understand the conversion efficiency, which is indispensable in studying, investigating, analyzing, and designing solar cells in practice. As such it is valuable as a supplementary text for courses on photovoltaics, and bridges the gap between advanced topics in solar cell device engineering and the fundamental physics covered in undergraduate courses. The book first introduces the principles and features of solar cells compared to those of chemical batteries, and reviews photons, statistics and radiation as the physics of the source energy. Based on these foundations, it clarifies the conversion efficiency of a single p-n junction solar cell and discusses the Shockley-Queisser limit. Furthermore, it looks into various concepts of solar cells for breaking through the efficiency limit given in the single junction solar cell and presents feasible theoretical predictions. To round out readers' knowledge of p-n junctions, the final chapter also reviews the essential semiconductor physics. The foundation of solar cell physics and engineering provided here is a valuable resource for readers with no background in solar cells, such as upper undergraduate and master students. At the same time, the deep insights provided allow readers to step seamlessly into other advanced books and their own research topics.

This thesis describes the essential features of Moon-plasma interactions with a particular emphasis on the Earth's magnetotail plasma regime from both observational and theoretical standpoints. The Moon lacks a dense atmosphere as well as a strong intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, its interactions with the ambient plasma are drastically different from solar-wind interactions with magnetized planets such as Earth. The Moon encounters a wide range of plasma regime from the relatively dense, cold, supersonic solar-wind plasma to the low-density, hot, subsonic plasma in the geomagnetic tail. In this book, the author presents a series of new observations from recent lunar missions (i.e., Kaguya, ARTEMIS, and Chandrayaan-1), demonstrating the importance of the electron gyro-scale dynamics, plasma of lunar origin, and hot plasma interactions with lunar magnetic anomalies. The similarity and difference between the Moon-plasma interactions in the geomagnetic tail and those in the solar wind are discussed throughout the thesis. The basic knowledge presented in this book can be applied to plasma interactions with airless bodies throughout the solar system and beyond.

This elegant and mouthwatering journey through Japanese film history offers a palate- pleasing array of recipes inspired by iconic movies.

Tan-men soup from Midnight Diner; risotto from Princess Mononoké; ramen from Tampopo―these and other dishes are the stars of this unique cookbook that pairs the best of Japanese cinema with the cuisine featured in it. Organized by type of dish―dumplings; noodles, soups, and stews; seafood; eggs and meat; vegetables and rice; desserts and tea―it offers concise and beautifully illustrated recipes that will satisfy practiced and novice cooks alike.

Scattered throughout are descriptions of the films that inspired each dish―a selection as varied as the recipes themselves that includes classics, cult, and anime: Midnight Diner, Toilet, Spirited Away, Little Forest, Makanai, My Neighbor Totoro, What Did You Eat Yesterday?, Our Little Sister, Samurai Gourmet, Voyage to Tokyo, The Asadas, Kamome Diner, The Way of the Hot and Spicy, The Garden of Words, Every Day a Good Day, Sweet Bean, Kantaro.

Through this flavorful blend of cinema and gastronomy, Japanese film buffs will find a new way of appreciating their favorite masterpieces, and Japanese foodies will discover movies that whet their appetites.

This book provides the latest findings on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration as potential therapeutic strategies for various eye diseases, namely, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. Glaucoma is one of the main causes of blindness throughout the world, and other diseases such as AMD and retinitis pigmentosa also lead to loss of vision. All these conditions are characterized by degeneration of specific retinal cell types, making it essential to establish treatments to protect retinal neurons and the optic nerve. With that aim in mind, this book explains the mechanisms underlying aforementioned diseases and their experimental models. The novel strategy proposals for the treatment of retinal diseases based on the concept of neuroprotection are also discussed in the main body of the text, while the section on regenerative research discusses optic nerve regeneration, endothelial progenitor cells, and iPS cells. This book is recommended as a professional reference work for all doctors and trainees in the field of ophthalmology who are interested in neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments.

This resource gives professionals a comprehensive understanding of the simulation and evaluation methods used in the design and development of today's mobile communication systems. Professionals get in-depth discussions on digital modulation techniques, transmission schemes, discusses multiple access protocols, cellular telecommunication systems, and cutting-edge software radio communication systems.

Thisseries is devoted to the publication of monographs, lecture resp. seminar notes, and other materials arising from programs of the OSU Mathemaical Research Institute. This includes proceedings of conferences or workshops held at the Institute, and other mathematical writings.

Thisseries is devoted to the publication of monographs, lecture resp. seminar notes, and other materials arising from programs of the OSU Mathemaical Research Institute. This includes proceedings of conferences or workshops held at the Institute, and other mathematical writings.

This book is for researchers, engineers, and students who are willing to understand how humanoid robots move and be controlled. The book starts with an overview of the humanoid robotics research history and state of the art. Then it explains the required mathematics and physics such as kinematics of multi-body system, Zero-Moment Point (ZMP) and its relationship with body motion. Biped walking control is discussed in depth, since it is one of the main interests of humanoid robotics. Various topics of the whole body motion generation are also discussed. Finally multi-body dynamics is presented to simulate the complete dynamic behavior of a humanoid robot. Throughout the book, Matlab codes are shown to test the algorithms and to help the readers understanding.

First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, causing pelvic pain, infertility, and cancer. The condition reduces the quality of life for the estimated 10% of menstruating women who are affected by it. This book provides a clear insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis-essential information for clinicians intending to successfully treat the condition. The first part covers a range of topics including stem cells, NK cells, macrophages, inflammation, cytokines, epigenetics, prostaglandin, sex steroids, aromatase, apoptosis, nerve fibers, and malignant transformation to aid in understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease. The second part provides useful tools for therapy, specifically, notable recent techniques in prevention, imaging, biomarkers, medical treatments, surgical treatments, prevention of recurrence, and infertility treatments. Each chapter was written by an expert in the field, with nearly 40 researchers and clinicians contributing to the work. This book will be highly useful to clinicians as well as to research scientists who are interested in this enigmatic disease.

This charming volume presents a rare opportunity to view the gardens of Meiji Japan from the inside, as seen through the eyes of an official of the Imperial Household in 1928. In Japan, the garden is considered a barometer of the nation's prosperity and character, and different periods in history have produced different kinds of gardens. Harada gives brief summaries of them all, including the Edo period (1603-1867), when professional gardeners first took over the design of gardens from priests, and reveals a few of the subtle distinctions that the Japanese use to distinguish between different kinds of gardens that appear identical to Western eyes. As a reaction to all things foreign, the gardens of the Meiji Restoration period (1868-1912), revived the earlier simpler "cha-no-yu" style of garden heavily influenced by Zen. Rare period photographs of famous parks and the now vanished gardens of Japanese aristocrats show gardens in a more naturalistic style than is common in Japan today.

Kasuya's future looks seriously in doubt as he has been demoted to the boonies. His social life is also looking poor given how there are not many people his age in the area who are single, his age or even remotely share his interests. ...Outside of maybe his neighbor, Kuzuya. But while they both share the same kinks and both enjoy drinking heavily, they'd both rather make it big in the capital (hopefully in the arms of a strong dominating lady!!) Well, at least in Kasuya's case, that "dream gal" has come searching for him! His ex is back and she's about to discover his secrets.

Research on humanoid robots has been mostly with the aim of developing robots that can replace humans in the performance of certain tasks. Motion planning for these robots can be quite difficult, due to their complex kinematics, dynamics and environment. It is consequently one of the key research topics in humanoid robotics research and the last few years have witnessed considerable progress in the field. Motion Planning for Humanoid Robots surveys the remarkable recent advancement in both the theoretical and the practical aspects of humanoid motion planning. Various motion planning frameworks are presented in Motion Planning for Humanoid Robots, including one for skill coordination and learning, and one for manipulating and grasping tasks. The problem of planning sequences of contacts that support acyclic motion in a highly constrained environment is addressed and a motion planner that enables a humanoid robot to push an object to a desired location on a cluttered table is described. The main areas of interest include: * whole body motion planning, * task planning, * biped gait planning, and * sensor feedback for motion planning. Torque-level control of multi-contact behavior, autonomous manipulation of moving obstacles, and movement control and planning architecture are also covered. Motion Planning for Humanoid Robots will help readers to understand the current research on humanoid motion planning. It is written for industrial engineers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This volume represents the Highest Impact Factor of all journals ranked by ISI within Polymer Science. It contains short and concise reports on physics and chemistry of polymers, each written by the world renowned experts. The information remains valid and useful after five or ten years. The electronic version is available free of charge for standing order customers at: springer.com/series/12/

From elegant to funky, popular designer Keiko Okamoto presents a wide selection of crochet stitches in this valuable reference. Amazing Japanese Crochet Stitches includes versatile stitch patterns that can be used in just about any piece. Whether you want to recreate an Irish lace in creamy neutrals or play with stitches that stand out for their unusual shape and dimension, this book has it all. You'll find designs for unusual yarns, unique stitch patterns and some amazing edgings. Seven practice projects help you cut loose with some creative application, including: Two elegant, lacy shawls Two fun flowery necklaces A bohemian vest in neutral tones A wildly embellished rainbow scarf The most one-of-a-kind bag you'll ever see A technical section demonstrates the stitches step-by-step, so readers can become familiar with crocheting in the Japanese style. Amazing Japanese Crochet Stitches is a joy for the experienced crocheter, and a valuable reference for needlecraft enthusiasts everywhere!

Human Inspired Dexterity in Robotic Manipulation provides up-to-date research and information on how to imitate humans and realize robotic manipulation. Approaches from both software and hardware viewpoints are shown, with sections discussing, and highlighting, case studies that demonstrate how human manipulation techniques or skills can be transferred to robotic manipulation. From the hardware viewpoint, the book discusses important human hand structures that are key for robotic hand design and how they should be embedded for dexterous manipulation. This book is ideal for the research communities in robotics, mechatronics and automation.

This volume is a continuation of Volume 1 following the previously published Editorial. More emphasis is given to novel nanocarrier designs, their characterization and function, and applications for drug discovery and treatment. A number of chapters will deal with nanofibers as a new major application within the biomedical field with a very high success rate particularly in wound healing and diabetic foot and spine injuries. A major new subdivision will deal with mathematical methods for the assembly of nanocarriers both for simulation and function.

Existing literature looks at national innovation systems from the perspective of either "inside the black box" or "outside the black box". This is the first book that analyzes both the inside and outside of the black box using a general equilibrium framework. The book looks at what is outside the black box and provides models of path-dependent endogenous growth; examines the dynamics of the black box from the intersectoral perspective of the economy; and proposes an innovation flow matrix. It also takes into account both business cycles and endogenous innovation in the unified New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model and examines how business cycles and other policy shocks affect endogenous innovation. The unified treatment of the national innovation system from perspectives both inside and outside the black box using rigorous economic models and empirical analyses makes this an enlightening work, shedding new light on innovation economics.

Existing literature looks at national innovation systems from the perspective of either "inside the black box" or "outside the black box". This is the first book that analyzes both the inside and outside of the black box using a general equilibrium framework. The book looks at what is outside the black box and provides models of path-dependent endogenous growth; examines the dynamics of the black box from the intersectoral perspective of the economy; and proposes an innovation flow matrix. It also takes into account both business cycles and endogenous innovation in the unified New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model and examines how business cycles and other policy shocks affect endogenous innovation. The unified treatment of the national innovation system from perspectives both inside and outside the black box using rigorous economic models and empirical analyses makes this an enlightening work, shedding new light on innovation economics.

Kyoutarou thought his life was ruined. He thought he would never be able to go back to Tokyo after how his office treated him the last time he went into town for an assignment. But now the big boss himself is asking him to come back! And what is even more surprising is how Sakura may have been behind this recall! This means a celebration is in order! This also may mean some painful good-byes! And how will Yoshiyuki take this news?!

This open access book deals with global sanitation, where SDG 6.2 sets a target of enabling access to sanitation services for all, but has not yet been achieved in low- and middle-income countries. The transition from the United Nations MDGs to the SDGs requires more consideration based on the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. In other words, equitable sanitation for those in vulnerable situations could be based on socio-cultural contexts. Sanitation is a system that comprises not only a latrine but also the works for the treatment and disposal of human waste. Sanitation systems do not function by themselves but have significance only through social management. The process of decision-making also largely depends on socio-cultural conditions, and the importance of sanitation needs to be socially acknowledged. The health benefits of sanitation improvement-among the significant contributions of sanitation-also need to be considered in the socio-cultural milieu. Further, the social-culture itself is affected, and potentially even created, by sanitation. In this context, more progress on the improvement of sanitation requires a more holistic approach across disciplines. In this book, we present the concept of the Sanitation Triangle, which considers the interconnections of health, materials, and socio-culture in sanitation, as a holistic approach, and the case studies based on the Sanitation Triangle by diverse disciplines such as Cultural Anthropology, Development Studies, Health Sciences, Engineering, and Science Communication. By the deep theoretical examinations and inter-dialogues between the different disciplines, this book explores the potentialities of inter-disciplinary studies on global sanitation.

A first-of-its-kind Japanese crochet stitch dictionary! For the first time in English, popular knitwear designer Yoko Hatta shows you creative ways to use a little leftover yarn and your own sense of design. You'll find round, square, triangle, polygon and Irish crochet motifs--from really simple to deliciously intricate--all waiting to be incorporated into your latest needlework projects. Make scarves and blankets using the all-time favorite granny squares, or shawls using polygons. Join circles (or throw in some squares) to make fun wall hangings, room dividers and more. Use beautiful Irish crochet motifs to embellish garments, form the outside of a bag, or make into a brooch. Find plenty of ideas for using color, from offbeat mono-and-duo-chromatic arrangements to splashy, multicolored pieces. Mastering even just a few of these motifs will open you to endless possibilities. Separate sections explain all the crochet symbols used and show you how to assemble the arrangements. Published in the same format as the bestselling Tuttle Publishing knitting dictionaries (Japanese Knitting Stitch Bible, 250 Japanese Knitting Stitches, Yoko Hatta's Japanese Knitting Stitches from Tokyo's Kazekobo Studio ), this book finally brings the same access and knowledge to crocheters.