Interest in the transition metal oxides with perovskite related structures goes back to the 1950s when the sodium tungsten bronzes NaxWO3 were shown to be metallic [1 ], the system Lal_xSr~MnO3 was found to contain a ferromagnetic conductive phase [2], and La0.sSr0.sCoO3 was reported to be a ferromagnetic metal, but with a peculiar magnetization of 1.5 #a/Co atom [3]. Stoichiometric oxide perovskites have the generic formula AMO3 in which the A site is at the center of a simple cubic array of M sites; the oxide ions form (180 4)) M O M bridges to give an MO3 array of corner shared MO6/2 octahedra and the larger A cations have twelvefold oxygen coordination. Mismatch between the A O and M O equilibrium bond lengths introduces internal stresses. A compressive stress on the MO3 array is accommodated by a lowering of the M O M bond angle from 180 to (180 4)); a tensile stress on the M O M bonds is accommodated by the formation of hexagonal polytypes [4].

This book introduces multi-catalyst systems by describing their mechanism and advantages in asymmetric catalysis. - Helps organic chemists perform more efficient catalysis with step-by-step methods- Overviews new concepts and progress for greener and economic catalytic reactions- Covers topics of interest in asymmetric catalysis including bifunctional catalysis, cooperative catalysis, multimetallic catalysis, and novel tandem reactions- Has applications for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials, and flavour and fragrance

Interest in the transition metal oxides with perovskite related structures goes back to the 1950s when the sodium tungsten bronzes NaxWO3 were shown to be metallic [1 ], the system Lal_xSr~MnO3 was found to contain a ferromagnetic conductive phase [2], and La0.sSr0.sCoO3 was reported to be a ferromagnetic metal, but with a peculiar magnetization of 1.5 #a/Co atom [3]. Stoichiometric oxide perovskites have the generic formula AMO3 in which the A site is at the center of a simple cubic array of M sites; the oxide ions form (180 4)) M O M bridges to give an MO3 array of corner shared MO6/2 octahedra and the larger A cations have twelvefold oxygen coordination. Mismatch between the A O and M O equilibrium bond lengths introduces internal stresses. A compressive stress on the MO3 array is accommodated by a lowering of the M O M bond angle from 180 to (180 4)); a tensile stress on the M O M bonds is accommodated by the formation of hexagonal polytypes [4].

The kidneys are responsible for many key bodily functions, but their primary role as a filter of toxins makes them extremely susceptible to disease. Often these diseases can only be diagnosed through a renal biopsy, a complicated procedure requiring ancillary immunologic and molecular diagnostic techniques. Many academic centers set aside dedicated laboratories specifically for renal pathology due to the amount of expertise required. This book covers all methods used by renal pathologists to diagnose a wide range of kidney diseases. Unlike most literature on renal pathology, this book is situated on the midpoint between encyclopedic and superficial coverage, written for the signing-out pathologist. While focusing on tumors and transplantation rejection, a full spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, and congenital disorders is covered in both pediatric and adult populations and is analyzed not only by light microscopy but by each applicable diagnostic modality available. The text is illustrated with more than 1,000 photomicrographs and diagrams, including a CD-ROM of all images.

The completion of sequences for over one hundred microbial genomes, with more than 200 additional projects now under way, has vastly multiplied the potential avenues for research using genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatics tools, and has created the new field of functional genomics. These advances have laid the foundation for understanding key principles applicable to human genome research.

Microbial Functional Genomics, the first comprehensive treatment of this subject, provides a much-needed synthesis of genome-wide studies on gene networks and functions, as well as the use of genomic data and technology in addressing a host of biological problems. Topics covered include:

• Genomics: introduction, history, and current challenges and scope
• Microbial diversity and evolution from a genomics perspective
• Computational methods for genome annotation and functional prediction of genes
• DNA microarray technology and its application to gene expression data analysis, mutation analysis, and microbial detection
• Mutagenesis as a genomic tool for studying gene function
• The functional genomics of model organisms, bacterial pathogens, and environmentally significant microorganisms
• The impact of genomics on antimicrobial drug discovery and toxicology

Microbial Functional Genomics represents a timely summary of the principles, approaches, and applications at the forefront of this exciting and rapidly progressing field.