WhenJusticeandHomeAffairscooperationwasofficiallyintroducedintheEu- peanlegal orderby theTreaty ofMaastricht, severalnewpolicy fields slowly enteredEuropeanlaw: asylumandimmigrationlaw, criminallaw, policestudies. SincetheTreatyofAmsterdamthisnewpolicyareaisreferredtoastheAreaof Freedom, SecurityandJustice. Ithasbeendividedintotwomainsubjects: b- ders, visa, asylumandimmigration, andcivillawinthefirstpillar;andpoliceand judicialcooperationinthethirdpillar. Importantelementsarecommoncontrolsattheexternalbordersfollowingthe abolishmentofinternalcontrols. Asaconsequenceofthecompletionoftheint- nalmarketacommonvisa, asylumandimmigrationpolicyhasbeenputinplace. PolicecooperationbetweennationalauthoritiesandinthecontextofEuropolisan importanttoolforguaranteeingadequatesecurityconditionsforcitizensofthe MemberStates. Criminallawcooperationisnecessarytocombatcrime. ThroughtheTampereProgrammeof1999, theAreawasdevelopedatare- tivelyhighspeed. Eventssuchas11September2001and11March2004have illustratedtheneedandurgencyforclosecooperationincriminallawthroughout Europe, notleasttocombatterrorism. InNovember2004, theEuropeanCouncil launchedthefollow-upprogrammeof'Tampere' theHagueProgramme, along withadetailedActionPlaninJune2005. ThedepartmentofEuropeanLawoftheLawSchoolofErasmusUniversity RotterdamhasfromthebeginningtakentheAreaofFreedom, SecurityandJ- ticeasoneofthefocalpointsofitsresearch. Oneoftheachievementswasthe publicationofahandbookbyDeZwaanandBultena: RuimtevanVrijheid, Veil- heidenRechtvaardigheid AreaofFreedom, SecurityandJustice], in2002. A specialcourseforstudentsofcriminologyandDutchlawistaughtattheLaw Schoolaswell, andthesubjectispartoftheresearchintheResearchSchoolfor SafetyandSecurityinSocialIssues(OnderzoeksschoolMaatschappelijkeVeil- heid). InviewofthisfocusontheAreaofFreedom, SecurityandJustice, andinview ofthepotentiallyfar-reachinginfluenceoftheHagueProgrammefortheEu- peancitizens, thedepartmentofEuropeanLaworganizedatwodaysinternational conferenceon23and24June2005inRotterdam, withover120participantsfrom alloverEurope. Prominentspeakersfrompolitics(EuropeanCommissionerFr- tini, DutchMinisterofJusticeDonner), thecivilservice(fromtheEuropeanC- mission, fromtheCouncil, andfromnationalministries), nongovernmentalor- nizations, and from the academic world (speakers from Turkey, the UK, and Germany for instance) discussed the new developments from many different angles. VIII Thisbookrepresentsthereflectionoftheconference: manyspeakersandp- ticipantscooperatedtoproducethisfirstevaluationoftheHagueProgramme. In viewofitsdifferentcharacteronlycivillawcooperationisnotcoveredinthis publication. WewouldliketothankLauraSchepersfortakingcareofallthedetailsinthe texts, andPeterMorrisforfine-tuningthelanguage. Wecouldnothaveorganized theconferencewithoutthehelpofNathalieWeberandAnnetSchuurmanofour conferencebureau. Rotterdam, May2006 JaapdeZwaan FloraGoudappel IX TableofContents Summaryofcontents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII Listofabbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV Introductoryspeeches Piet-HeinDonner TheHagueProgramme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 FrancoFrattini TheHagueProgramme: ourfutureinvestmentindemocraticstabilityand democraticsecurity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .