WhenJusticeandHomeAffairscooperationwasofficiallyintroducedintheEu-
peanlegal orderby theTreaty ofMaastricht, severalnewpolicy fields
slowly enteredEuropeanlaw: asylumandimmigrationlaw, criminallaw,
policestudies.
SincetheTreatyofAmsterdamthisnewpolicyareaisreferredtoastheAreaof
Freedom, SecurityandJustice. Ithasbeendividedintotwomainsubjects:
b- ders, visa, asylumandimmigration,
andcivillawinthefirstpillar;andpoliceand
judicialcooperationinthethirdpillar.
Importantelementsarecommoncontrolsattheexternalbordersfollowingthe
abolishmentofinternalcontrols.
Asaconsequenceofthecompletionoftheint- nalmarketacommonvisa,
asylumandimmigrationpolicyhasbeenputinplace.
PolicecooperationbetweennationalauthoritiesandinthecontextofEuropolisan
importanttoolforguaranteeingadequatesecurityconditionsforcitizensofthe
MemberStates. Criminallawcooperationisnecessarytocombatcrime.
ThroughtheTampereProgrammeof1999, theAreawasdevelopedatare-
tivelyhighspeed. Eventssuchas11September2001and11March2004have
illustratedtheneedandurgencyforclosecooperationincriminallawthroughout
Europe, notleasttocombatterrorism. InNovember2004,
theEuropeanCouncil launchedthefollow-upprogrammeof'Tampere'
theHagueProgramme, along withadetailedActionPlaninJune2005.
ThedepartmentofEuropeanLawoftheLawSchoolofErasmusUniversity
RotterdamhasfromthebeginningtakentheAreaofFreedom, SecurityandJ-
ticeasoneofthefocalpointsofitsresearch. Oneoftheachievementswasthe
publicationofahandbookbyDeZwaanandBultena: RuimtevanVrijheid, Veil-
heidenRechtvaardigheid AreaofFreedom, SecurityandJustice], in2002.
A specialcourseforstudentsofcriminologyandDutchlawistaughtattheLaw
Schoolaswell,
andthesubjectispartoftheresearchintheResearchSchoolfor
SafetyandSecurityinSocialIssues(OnderzoeksschoolMaatschappelijkeVeil-
heid). InviewofthisfocusontheAreaofFreedom, SecurityandJustice,
andinview
ofthepotentiallyfar-reachinginfluenceoftheHagueProgrammefortheEu-
peancitizens,
thedepartmentofEuropeanLaworganizedatwodaysinternational
conferenceon23and24June2005inRotterdam, withover120participantsfrom
alloverEurope.
Prominentspeakersfrompolitics(EuropeanCommissionerFr- tini,
DutchMinisterofJusticeDonner), thecivilservice(fromtheEuropeanC-
mission, fromtheCouncil, andfromnationalministries),
nongovernmentalor- nizations, and from the academic world (speakers
from Turkey, the UK, and Germany for instance) discussed the new
developments from many different angles. VIII
Thisbookrepresentsthereflectionoftheconference: manyspeakersandp-
ticipantscooperatedtoproducethisfirstevaluationoftheHagueProgramme.
In
viewofitsdifferentcharacteronlycivillawcooperationisnotcoveredinthis
publication.
WewouldliketothankLauraSchepersfortakingcareofallthedetailsinthe
texts, andPeterMorrisforfine-tuningthelanguage.
Wecouldnothaveorganized
theconferencewithoutthehelpofNathalieWeberandAnnetSchuurmanofour
conferencebureau. Rotterdam, May2006 JaapdeZwaan FloraGoudappel IX
TableofContents Summaryofcontents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Listofabbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV
Introductoryspeeches Piet-HeinDonner TheHagueProgramme. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 3 FrancoFrattini TheHagueProgramme:
ourfutureinvestmentindemocraticstabilityand democraticsecurity. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
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